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Non Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anaemia
[p5s][/p5s]
-Macrocytic anaemias are characterised by large (in volume or size) RBCs
greater than 100fL
greater than 9um
-Classified depending on precursors into:
Megaloblastic Anaemia and
Non-Megaloblastic Anaemia
-Non-megaloblastic anaemia is a macrocytosis without an accompanying megablastosis
[line][/line]
[line][/line]
Physiological Causes
Newborn:
-Usually not an actual anaemia
-A newborn's blood always contains a large number of macrocytes
Pregnancy:
May be unrelated to a vitB12 or folate deficiency
Pathological Causes
Reticulocytosis:
Polychromasia seen on a blood film due to increased erythropoietin following haemorrhage or haemolysis
Liver Disease:
Round macrocytes and target cells
May get a normochromic microcytic anaemia
Alcohol:
-Inc. RBC production may cover the causes of this anaemia such as hamolysis, impaired BM response (due to a direct toxic/suppressing effect), folate deficiency and blood loss
-Significant Dec. in the length of RBC survival
-May cause sideroblastic anaemia
Stem Cell Disorders:
-Dyserythropoiesis (abnormality in morphology and function of RBCs)
-Leukaemia
-Myelodysplastic syndromes
Miscellaneous:
-Hypoxia
-Post splenectomy
-Thyroid disorders
Note: -
pseudomacrocytosis is associated with increased WCC, cold agglutinins, hyperglycaemia and increased protein levels [/align]
[p5s][/p5s]
Non Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anaemia
[p5s][/p5s]
-Macrocytic anaemias are characterised by large (in volume or size) RBCs
greater than 100fL
greater than 9um
-Classified depending on precursors into:
Megaloblastic Anaemia and
Non-Megaloblastic Anaemia
-Non-megaloblastic anaemia is a macrocytosis without an accompanying megablastosis
[line][/line]
[line][/line]
Physiological Causes
Newborn:
-Usually not an actual anaemia
-A newborn's blood always contains a large number of macrocytes
Pregnancy:
May be unrelated to a vitB12 or folate deficiency
Pathological Causes
Reticulocytosis:
Polychromasia seen on a blood film due to increased erythropoietin following haemorrhage or haemolysis
Liver Disease:
Round macrocytes and target cells
May get a normochromic microcytic anaemia
Alcohol:
-Inc. RBC production may cover the causes of this anaemia such as hamolysis, impaired BM response (due to a direct toxic/suppressing effect), folate deficiency and blood loss
-Significant Dec. in the length of RBC survival
-May cause sideroblastic anaemia
Stem Cell Disorders:
-Dyserythropoiesis (abnormality in morphology and function of RBCs)
-Leukaemia
-Myelodysplastic syndromes
Miscellaneous:
-Hypoxia
-Post splenectomy
-Thyroid disorders
Note: -
pseudomacrocytosis is associated with increased WCC, cold agglutinins, hyperglycaemia and increased protein levels [/align]
[p5s][/p5s]
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