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polycythemia

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  • polycythemia

    [SIZE="4"]is a condition in which there is a net increase in the total number of red blood cells in the body. The overproduction of red blood cells may be due to a primary process in the bone marrow (a so-called myeloproliferative syndrome), or it may be a reaction to chronically low oxygen levels or, rarely, a malignancy.


    Primary polycythemia (Polycythemia veraMain article: Polycythemia vera
    Primary polycythemia, often called polycythemia vera (PCV), polycythemia rubra vera (PRV), or erythremia, occurs when excess red blood cells are produced as a result of an abnormality of the bone marrow. Often, excess white blood cells and platelets are also produced. Polycythemia vera is classified as a myeloproliferative disease.


    : Symptoms
    Some symptoms of this disease is experiencing: headaches, weakness, dizziness (vertigo), and/or a ringing noise in the ear (tinnitus). In some cases, individuals with polycythemia vera experience itching (pruritis), especially after a hot bath. Affected individuals often have an abnormally enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) and/or liver (hepatomegaly). In some cases, affected individuals may have associated conditions including high blood pressure (hypertension), the formation of blood clots (thrombosis), rupturing of and loss of blood (hemorrhaging) from certain blood vessels, and/or Budd-Chiari syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by obstruction (occlusion) of veins of the liver (hepatic veins).


    Secondary polycythemia
    Secondary polycythemia is caused by either natural or artificial increases in the production of erythropoietin that result in an increased production of erythrocytes. In secondary polycythemia, there may be 6 to 8 million and occasionally 9 million erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood. A type of secondary polycythemia in which the production of erythropoietin increases appropriately is called physiologic polycythemia. Physiologic polycythemia occurs in individuals living at high altitudes, where oxygen availability is less than at sea level. Many athletes train at higher altitudes to take advantage of this effect — a legal form of blood doping. Actual polycythemia sufferers have been known to use their condition as an athletic advantage for greater stamina.

    Other causes of secondary polycythemia include smoking, renal or liver tumors, or heart or lung diseases that result in hypoxia. Endocrine abnormalities, prominently including pheochromocytoma and adrenal adenoma with Cushing's syndrome are also secondary causes. Athletes and bodybuilders who abuse anabolic steroids or erythropoietin may develop secondary polycythemia.


    Relative polycythemia
    Relative polycythemia is an apparent rise of the erythrocyte level in the blood; however, the underlying cause is reduced blood plasma. Relative polycythemia is often caused by fluid loss eg. burns, dehydration and stress polycythemia.

  • #2
    مشكوره ويعطيكي العافية
    sigpic

    قال صلى الله عليه وسلم:
    (ثلاث كفارات وثلاث درجات وثلاث منجيات وثلاث مهلكات فأما الكفارات فإسباغ الوضوء في السبرات وانتظار الصلوات بعد الصلوات ونقل الأقدام إلى الجماعات وأما الدرجات فإطعام الطعام وإفشاء السلام والصلاة بالليل والناس نيام وأما المنجيات فالعدل في الغضب والرضا والقصد في الفقر والغنى وخشية الله في السر والعلانية وأما المهلكات فشح مطاع وهوى متبع وإعجاب المرء بنفسه)

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    • #3
      thanxssssss

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      • #4
        مشكوووووور جدااااااا:sm194:
        الصمت عار.. الخوف عار..

        من نحن . . عشاق النهار

        نبكي ، نحب ، نخاصم الأشباح.. نحيا في انتظار




        سنظل نحفر الجدار.. إمّا فتحنا ثغرة للنور
        إمّا متنا على وجه الجدار



        لا بأس تدركه معاولنا.. ولا ملل انكسار

        إنّ أجدبت سحب الخريف.. وفات في الصيف القطار
        سُحب الربيع ربيعنا..حُبلى بأمطار كثار

        ولنا مع الجدب العقيم..محاولات اختبار
        وغدًا يكون الانتصار.
        ن1

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        • #5
          الله يعطيكي العافية
          جميل جدا
          Pink Butterfly

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