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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

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  • GLOSSARY OF TERMS

    [
    SIZE="5"]GLOSSARY OF TERMS

    AEROBIC
    requires oxygen (opposite of anaerobic

    AGAR
    powder added to media for solidification

    AIR-DRY
    drying of slide suspension in air before heat fixing and staining

    ALIQUOT
    dispense an amount of liquid using a pipette

    ANALOG
    similar structure, but not identical

    ANTIBODY
    specific, protective protein produced by the immune system in response to an antigen

    ANTIGEN
    foreign, non-self immunogenic material that elicits an immune response

    ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
    procedure to guarantee sterility and to reduce contamination

    ATRICHOUS
    without flagella, nonmotile

    AUTOCLAVE
    moist heat method of sterilization using pressure

    AXIAL FILAMENT
    a structure for motility used by the Spirochaete bacteria

    BIBULOUS PAPER
    absorbant paper used to blot dry slides after staining

    BHI
    brain heart infusion, a really good enrichment medium

    BRIGHTFIELD MICROSCOPY
    full light directed towards the specimen, used for stained and live specimens

    BROTH
    medium without agar

    BROWNIAN MOVEMENT
    vibrations of an object seen in a microscope, not true motility

    CANDLE JAR
    candle burns in a closed container producing a carbon dioxide incubator, containing 2-10% O2 and around 10% CO2

    CFU
    colony-forming units, i.e. colonies

    CHEMICALLY-DEFINED MEDIUM
    a synthetic medium, comprised of known ingredients and known amounts

    CHITIN
    a complex polysaccharide molecule found in walls of fungi and exoskeletons of shrimps and crabs

    CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY
    migration and separation of molecules through an absorbant material like cotton, over time

    CNA
    Columbia naladixic acid medium, selective (for Gram +) and differential medium

    COAGULATION
    clotting of blood, plasma

    COLIFORMS
    gram - rods which ferment lactose, nonsporeforming

    COLONY
    a visible mass of bacteria growing on solidifed medium, a clone

    COMPLEX MEDIUM
    medium with some unknown ingredients or amounts, i.e. blood agar

    CONDENSER
    collects all available light rays for direction up to the stage opening

    COUNTERSTAIN
    the 2nd dye added to a smear, taken in after the wall is decolorized, e.g. safrinin, methylene blue

    DARKFIELD MICROSCOPY
    special condenser blocks most light rays, only reflected light bounces off specimen into lens producing a black field of vision; used for wet mounts

    DECOLORIZER
    the reagent used to remove the primary dye from the cell wall in a differential stain, e.g. acid alcohol, acetone-alcohol

    DIFFERENTIAL STAIN
    uses 2 or more dyes which allow differentiation between different bacterial groups or structures

    DIAPHRAGM
    acts as an iris within the condenser which opens and closes for sensitive light control

    DISACCHARIDE
    2 sugar molecule, e.g. lactose or sucrose
    EMB
    Eosin methylene blue medium, selective (for Gram -) and differential medium

    EXOENZYME
    enzyme excreted away from the cell

    FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE
    uses oxygen when present but can either ferment or anaerobically respire without it

    FASTIDIOUS
    hard-to-grow bacteria, requiring grow factors or particular nutrients

    FECAL COLIFORMS
    gram - rods which ferment lactose, nonsporeforming, GI flora in animals, in feces

    FLAGELLA
    a structure for motility


    FLAGELLATION
    differential category of flagella placement around the cell

    GENUS
    category of organisms with like features and closely related, divided into species

    HALOPHILIC
    salt-tolerant or salt-loving (salt-requiring
    )
    HEAT-FIX
    use of the flame to 1)coagulate proteins of the suspension, causing adherence to slide, and 2) kill the microbes

    HELMINTH
    parasitic worm

    IMMUNOASSAY
    test which identifies antibody in patient based on use of a known antigen, or identifies the antigen based on the use of a known antibody

    IMViC
    acronym = indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate
    MIC
    minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic that inhibits a bacterium

    MICROAEROPHILIC
    likes a reduced oxygen concentration

    MICROTUBULES
    cell organelles involved in structure, framework, skeleton of the cell

    MONOSACCHARIDE
    simple sugar, e.g. glucose

    NA/NB
    nutrient agar or nutrient broth

    NONIONIC
    no electrical charge

    OBLIGATE AEROBE
    requires oxygen to grow

    OBLIGATE ANAEROBE
    does not use oxygen to grow, may even be killed by it

    OIL-IMMERSION LENS
    100X objective lens, to be used always with immersion oil

    PALLINDROME
    a word or a group of letter that is read frontwards and backwards the same, e.g. radar

    PARFOCAL
    feature of microscope which allows rotation of lenses with only minor focus movement, lenses
    alignment

    PATHOGENIC
    disease-causing

    PCA
    plate count agar medium, general all-purpose enrichment

    PFU
    plaque-forming units produced by bacterial viruses when infecting host bacterial cells

    PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY
    special condenser below stage and in objectives change speed of light rays, enhancing density differences inside and outside of cells; used for wet mounts

    PHAGE TYPING
    test to identify a bacterium based on which known virus infects it

    PHENOTYPE
    expression of a gene as a trait

    PLAQUE
    destruction of the bacterial lawn by a bacteriophage as the lytic infection progresses

    PLATE COUNT AGAR
    variation of nutrient agar, for optimizing counts of bacteria in samples

    POUR PLATE
    procedure where liquified agar has been poured into a petri dish after being mixed with
    bacteria

    PRIMARY DYE
    the 1st dye used in a differential stain, e.g. malachite green, crystal violet, carbol fuschia

    REVOLVING NOSEPIECE
    rotating turret attached to the 3 lenses

    RESAZURIN
    oxygen indicator in thioglycollate broth, pink when oxygenated

    SPECIES
    a subdivision of a genus, almost identifcal organisms, a clone

    SPREAD PLATE
    procedure where pre-made agar plates have a sample of bacterium placed on top of the agar and spread via a glass rod

    STREAK PLATE
    procedure where a bacterial specimen is placed on a pre-made plate and diluted out using flame and multiple sections.

    SYMBIOTIC/SYMBIOSIS
    a relationship between 2 or more organisms

    THERMAL DEATH TIME
    minimal amount of time to completely sterilize a specimen at a certain temperature

    TSB/TSA
    trypticase soy broth or trypticase soy agar

    ZONE OF INHIBITION
    area of no bacterial growth around a chemical on a disc, indicates sensitivity
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    اتمنى يعجبكم ............لما توظفت واجهتني صعوبه في الاختصارات لما كنت اسئل قالوا اقري علشان اتعرفين شنو.........الي مو على دينك ما اعينك .........
    فعلا لما دورت في اوراقي لقيت المختصرات حبيت اشارك فيهم معاكم من صج اتمنى انها اتحوز على اعجابكم ........................على الرغم انه اشويه بس هذا الي قدرت عليه
    التعديل الأخير تم بواسطة Brucella; الساعة 28-11-2007, 03:20 PM.
    http://http://www.arb-up.com/files/a...2/gDN94599.jpgخَالِطُوا النَّاسَ مُخَالَطَةً إِنْ مِتُّمْ مَعَهَا بَكَوْا عَلَيْكُمْ
    وَ إِنْ عِشْتُمْ حَنُّوا إِلَيْكُمْ

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