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Thyroid

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  • Thyroid

    Thyroid Disease

    The American Thyroid Association and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology recommend the following:
     Free T4 and TSH (ultra sensitive) are reliable tests in diagnosing thyroid dysfunction.
     All adults should be screened beginning at age 35 and every 5 years thereafter.
     All women considering pregnancy should be tested.
     All pregnant women with normal thyroid functions and high anti-TPO are at risk of subsequent clinical hypothyroidism (50%-80% chance).

    Thyroid disease is a common condition with adverse multisystem effects.
    The Incidence of the disease increases by age and women are 8 times more prone to developing thyroid dysfunction than men.
    Postpartum thyroid disease occurs in up to 9% of pregnant women.
    40% of people taking thyroid medication are uncontrolled.

    The adverse effects of thyroid disease include;
    1) Cardiovascular disease: risk of myocardial infarction, elevated serum cholesterol, atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation.
    2) Pregnancy outcomes: high risk of fetal death, children with reduced IQ and increased risk of postpartum thyroid disease.
    3) Mental health: increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s (Clinical Endocrinology 2000;53:733-737)

    Anti-Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) (Anti Microsomal Ab)
    Thyroid peroxidase is a membrane bound glycoprotein that mediates the oxidation of iodide ions and the incorporation of iodine into tyrosine residues of thyroglobin
    Clinical applications of anti-TPO
     Risk factor for auto-immune thyroid disease.
     Diagnosis of auto-immune thyroid disease.
     Risk factor for post partum thyroiditis.
     Risk factor for miscarriage and in vitro fertilisation failure.

    Thyroglobulin : (TG)
     Thyroglobulin is a glycoprotein produced by the thyrocytes used mainly as a tumour marker to assess the presence of residual papillary-follicular carcinoma of thyroid following resection.

    Anti thyroglobulin antibodies (Anti-TG)
     Anti thyroglobulin is usually used in combination with antithyroid peroxidase in diagnosis of autoimmune thryoiditis.

    NB: TG, Anti- TPO & Anti- TG are running on daily basis in Lab.
    M.k

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