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osmolality

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  • osmolality

    السلام عليكم :
    هذه هي اول مشاركة لي في منتديات مختبرات العرب فأرجو ان يوفقني الله و اياكم لمايحب و يرضى. وان اكون أخ للجميع.
    Q1-what is the meaning of osmolality
    Q2-what is the most commonly used foemula for calculated osmolality
    Q3-what is the function of osmolality on the body
    الاسلام هو الحل:sm199:

  • #2
    what is the meaning of osmolality

    Osmality is a test to measures the concentration of particles found in the fluid part of blood.
    It is a count of the number of particles in a fluid sample. The unit for counting is the mole which is equal to 6.02 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's Number).

    The osmolality of physiological fluids tends to be dominated by small molecules which are present in high concentrations. For example in serum, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea and glucose are the only components present in high enough concentrations to individually affect the osmolality. Together these make up over 95% of total osmolality of serum. Large serum components contribute little to the overall osmolality. For example the molar concentration of albumin, the most abundant serum protein, is only about 0.6 mmol/L. Only a few exogenous compounds such as ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol and manitol can be present in the blood at high enough quantities to significantly affect the osmolality.




    what is the most commonly used foemula for calculated osmolality

    Plasma osmolality can be calculated from the measured components. While there are many equations, a simple one is as follows:

    zzz 1.86 x serum Na (mmol/L) + Glucose (mg/dL)/18 + BUN (mg/dL)/2.8 + 9
    OR
    zzz 1.86 x serm Na (mmol/L) + glucose (mmol/L) + Bun (mmol/L) + 9

    The difference between the measured and calculated plasma osmolality is known as the osmolar gap and normally is between 0 and 10 mmol/kg.


    How can we measure osmolality?
    The osmolality of a solution can be measured using an osmometer. The most commonly used instrument in modern laboratories is a freezing point depression osmometer. This instrument measures the change in freezing point that occurs in a solution with increasing osmolality. Osmolality can be measured in samples of serum (gold top tube) or heparin plasma (lime top tube).


    what is the function of osmolality on the body

    As cell membranes in general are freely permeable to water, the osmolality of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is approximately equal to that of the intracellular fluid (ICF). Therefore, plasma osmolality is a guide to intracellular osmolality. This is important, as it shows that changes in ECF osmolality have a great affect on ICF osmolality - changes that can cause problems with normal cell functioning and volume. If the ECF was to become too hypotonic, water would readily fill surrounding cells, increasing their volume and potentially lysing them (cytolysis).



    When osmolality increases and when it decreases?

    High levels in:
    • Dehydration
    • Diabetes insipidus
    • Hyperglycemia
    • Hypernatremia
    • Consumption of methanol
    • Consumption of ethylene glycol
    • Renal tubular necrosis
    • Stroke or head trauma resulting in deficient ADH secretion (cranial diabetes insipidus)
    • Uremia


    Low levels:
    • Excess fluid intake
    • Hyponatremia
    • Overhydration
    • Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer
    • Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion


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    • #3
      good work

      thnxxx egyzizo
      ان عشت فعش حرا أومت كالاشجار وقوفا


      sigpic

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      • #4
        ماشاء الله عليك egyzizo
        الله يوفقك

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        • #5
          مشكورين

          بارك الله فيكم جميعا و شكر خاص ل egypt zizo
          الاسلام هو الحل:sm199:

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          • #6
            شكرا على التشجيع ..

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            • #7
              طيب اش معنى :sm182:

              calculated osmolality

              بالعربي وايش سبب نقصه :sm182::sm182:

              ويعطيكم الف عافيه

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              • #8
                المشاركة الأصلية بواسطة yalow مشاهدة المشاركة
                طيب اش معنى :sm182:

                calculated osmolality

                بالعربي وايش سبب نقصه :sm182::sm182:

                ويعطيكم الف عافيه
                هى تعنى قيمة الـ osmolality التى يتم حسابها من معادلة خاصة يستخدم فيها الجلوكوز والصوديوم والبولينا ..

                وأسباب نقصها يشتمل اعطاء سوائل كثيرة عن طريق الوريد أكثر من المطلوب ، نقص الصوديوم فى الدم، فى بعض حالات سرطان الرئة ، وفى حالات خلل افراز هرمون الـ ADH.

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                • #9
                  تعني باللغة العربية : الأسمولية أو الحلولية. أسباب النقص شرحها لك زيزو المصري.:sm194:

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                  • #10
                    ممكن تعطووني formula of calculated osmolality
                    وشرح مبسط لها بالعربي اذا تكرمتم عندي امتحان ومش فااهماها

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