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UTI

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  • UTI

    URINARY TRACT INFECTION ( UTI )

    Defenition :- Significant bacteriuria in presence of symptoms ( bacteriuria= bacteria in urine )
    (i.e Urine is normally sterile and they are several things make urine sterile :- the urethral sphincter,Length of urethra,Frequant washing,Valves and acidty of urine)

    Terminology :-
    Pyelonephritis = Inflamition of the Kidney.
    Uretitis = Inflamition of the Ureter.
    Cystitis = Inflamition of the bladder.
    Urethritis = Inflamition of the Urethra.

    Etiology:- The bacteria most often seen in UTI are fecal origin.
    These organisms are a subset of the organisms found in the feces.

    classifications according to mode of transmission :-

    1) Community-acquired UTI:-
    a) Uncomplicated UTI (patients with normal anatomic structure and function )
    More than 90% of acute UTIs are caused by certain strains of E.coli
    10 to 20 %are caused by S.saprophyticus
    5% or less are caused by Enterobacteriaceae organism or enterococci
    b) In complicated cases of UTI ( anatomic obstructions or from catheterization )
    Themost common causes are E.coli, K.pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    c) In Rare Cases:-
    Candida albicans can cause UTI (ex. diabetic patients)
    Strict anaerobic bacteria.

    2) Hospital-acquired UTI :-
    a) UTI nosocomial acquired infectio (40%)
    b) Enterococcus most common cause of nosocomial UTI
    c) 80% are related to the use of a urethral catheter.
    d) The remaining cases are associated with other urinary tract instrumentation or surgery.
    f) The duration of catheter is very important is classified as a short term( <30 days )or long term ( >30 days )

    Short term:- Usually single microorganism E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. , Proteus spp. and S.epidermidis
    Long term:- Usually polymicrobial Provedencia stuartii Pseudomonas spp. and E.coli

    Epidemiology:-
    The majority of the cases seen in the doctor's office are in women
    40% of all women have at least one episode of a UTI at some time in their lives
    Males experience a rapid increase in the incidence of UTI's in their 40s
    Risk factors:-
    a) Abnormality of the urinary tracts that obstruct slow the flow of urine (e.g. stone, an enlarged prostste gland etc.)
    b) Catheters, or a tube placed in the bladder is most common sources of infection.
    c) Infants with congenital abnormalities( in a small percentage)
    d) Immunosuppressed patients.
    e) Women who use diaphragm or spermicides.
    f ) Patients with a Neurogenic bladder or bladder diverticulum.
    g) Postmenopausal women with bladder or uterine prolapse.
    h) pregnant women.
    Pthogenesis:-
    a) Routes of infection:- Bcteria may cause UTIs by four possible routes ascending ( from colon ), Hematogenous, lymphatic or
    direct spread (e.g. surgery )
    b) Host factors:- important inprtection include the normal flow of urine and epithelial cells lining the urinary tract.
    c) Bacterial factors:- Attachment and invasion
    Resistance to seru baceriocidal activity and phgocytosis,presence of K antigen and hemolysin productin( e.g E.coli)




  • #2
    شكرا للأخ ابو بكر يعطيك العافيه ننتظر المزيد
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    قال صلى الله عليه وسلم:
    (ثلاث كفارات وثلاث درجات وثلاث منجيات وثلاث مهلكات فأما الكفارات فإسباغ الوضوء في السبرات وانتظار الصلوات بعد الصلوات ونقل الأقدام إلى الجماعات وأما الدرجات فإطعام الطعام وإفشاء السلام والصلاة بالليل والناس نيام وأما المنجيات فالعدل في الغضب والرضا والقصد في الفقر والغنى وخشية الله في السر والعلانية وأما المهلكات فشح مطاع وهوى متبع وإعجاب المرء بنفسه)

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    • #3
      good work
      thnxxx
      ان عشت فعش حرا أومت كالاشجار وقوفا


      sigpic

      تعليق


      • #4
        الله يعطيك العافيه على المعلومات الجميله

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