الواقع والحياد
18-10-2006, 04:19 AM
في هذا الموضوع أحببت ان أضع باقي RBC antigen التي لم نتتطرق لها و سوف اقوم بوضع مقدمه فقط عنها للتعريف بها ولكن الموضوع كاملا سوف يكون كاملا من خلال الملف المرفق ......
The Kell blood group
The Kell blood group system is complex and contains many antigens that are highly immunogenic. These antigens are the third most potent, after those of the ABO and Rh blood groups, at triggering an immune reaction.
Antibodies that target Kell antigens can cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). In the case of HDN, ABO and Rh incompatibility are more common causes. However, disease caused by maternal anti-ABO tends to be mild, and disease caused by maternal anti-Rh can largely be prevented. The infrequent cases of HDN caused by Kell immunization tend to result in severe fetal anemia because maternal anti-Kell target fetal red blood cell (RBC) precursors, suppressing the fetal production of RBCs.
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The Duffy blood group
The Duffy glycoprotein is a receptor for chemicals that are secreted by blood cells during inflammation. It also happens to be a receptor for Plasmodium vivax, a parasite that invades red blood cells (RBCs) and causes malaria. RBCs that lack the Duffy antigens are relatively resistant to invasion by P. vivax. This has influenced the variation in Duffy blood types seen in populations where malaria is common.
Antibodies formed against the Duffy antigens are a cause of both transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn
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The Kidd blood group
The Kidd (JK) glycoprotein is the red blood cell (RBC) urea transporter. Situated in the membrane it rapidly transports urea into and out of RBCs, maintaining the osmotic stability and shape of the RBC in the process. The Kidd glycoprotein is also expressed in the kidney, where it enables the kidney to build up a high concentration of urea which is needed for the kidney to produce concentrated urine.
People who do not produce the Kidd glycoprotein tend not to be able to maximally concentrate urine, but despite this, they are healthy and their RBCs have a normal shape and lifespan.
Antibodies that target Kidd antigens are a significant cause of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Anti-Kidd antibodies are also a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), the severity of the disease varies but tends to be mild in nature
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The MNS blood group
The antigens of the MNS blood group are carried on sugar-bearing proteins called glycophorins. These lie in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. One end of a glycophorin is attached to the underlying cell, and the other end bears the sugars and determines a person's MNS blood type
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Thanks
The Kell blood group
The Kell blood group system is complex and contains many antigens that are highly immunogenic. These antigens are the third most potent, after those of the ABO and Rh blood groups, at triggering an immune reaction.
Antibodies that target Kell antigens can cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). In the case of HDN, ABO and Rh incompatibility are more common causes. However, disease caused by maternal anti-ABO tends to be mild, and disease caused by maternal anti-Rh can largely be prevented. The infrequent cases of HDN caused by Kell immunization tend to result in severe fetal anemia because maternal anti-Kell target fetal red blood cell (RBC) precursors, suppressing the fetal production of RBCs.
__________________________________________________ __________________
The Duffy blood group
The Duffy glycoprotein is a receptor for chemicals that are secreted by blood cells during inflammation. It also happens to be a receptor for Plasmodium vivax, a parasite that invades red blood cells (RBCs) and causes malaria. RBCs that lack the Duffy antigens are relatively resistant to invasion by P. vivax. This has influenced the variation in Duffy blood types seen in populations where malaria is common.
Antibodies formed against the Duffy antigens are a cause of both transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn
__________________________________________________ __________________
The Kidd blood group
The Kidd (JK) glycoprotein is the red blood cell (RBC) urea transporter. Situated in the membrane it rapidly transports urea into and out of RBCs, maintaining the osmotic stability and shape of the RBC in the process. The Kidd glycoprotein is also expressed in the kidney, where it enables the kidney to build up a high concentration of urea which is needed for the kidney to produce concentrated urine.
People who do not produce the Kidd glycoprotein tend not to be able to maximally concentrate urine, but despite this, they are healthy and their RBCs have a normal shape and lifespan.
Antibodies that target Kidd antigens are a significant cause of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Anti-Kidd antibodies are also a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), the severity of the disease varies but tends to be mild in nature
__________________________________________________ _________________
The MNS blood group
The antigens of the MNS blood group are carried on sugar-bearing proteins called glycophorins. These lie in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. One end of a glycophorin is attached to the underlying cell, and the other end bears the sugars and determines a person's MNS blood type
__________________________________________________ ___________
Thanks