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Glucose test

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  • Glucose test

    it is important to determine if your blood glucose level is within healthy range

    also to screen for, diagnose, and monitor hyperglycemia (high blood glucose),


    hypoglycemia
    (low blood glucose), diabetes, and pre-diabetes


    Blood glucose: as part of a regular physical, when you have symptoms suggesting

    hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, and during pregnancy; if you are diabetic, up to several times

    a day to monitor blood glucose levels

    Urine glucose: usually as part of a urinalysis

    GLUCOSE ABSORBTION AND REGULATION :
    Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as the main source of energy for the body. The carbohydrates we eat are broken down into glucose (and a few other simple sugars),

    absorbed by the small intestine, and circulated throughout the body. Most of the body’s cells

    require glucose for energy production; brain and nervous system cells not only rely on glucose

    for energy, they can only function when glucose levels in the blood remain above a certain


    The body’s use of glucose hinges on the availability of insulin, a hormone produced by the

    pancreas. Insulin acts as a traffic director, transporting glucose into the body’s cells, directing

    the body to store excess glucose as glycogen (for short-term storage) and/or as triglycerides

    in adipose (fat) cells. We cannot live without glucose or insulin, and they must be in balance


    .
    Normally, blood glucose levels rise slightly after a meal, and insulin is secreted to lower them



    , with the amount of insulin released matched up with the size and content of the meal. If

    blood glucose levels drop too low, such as might occur in between meals or after a strenuous

    workout, glucagon (another pancreatic hormone) is secreted to tell the liver to turn some

    glycogen back into glucose, raising the blood glucose levels. If the glucose/insulin feedback

    mechanism is working properly, the amount of glucose in the blood remains fairly stable. If the

    balance is disrupted and glucose levels in the blood rise, then the body tries to restore the

    balance, both by increasing insulin production and by excreting glucose in the urine

    Severe, acute hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia can be life-threatening, causing

    organ failure, brain damage, coma, and, in extreme cases, death. Chronically

    high blood glucose levels can cause progressive damage to body organs such

    as the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels, and nerves.

    Chronic hypoglycemia can lead to brain and nerve damage.

    Some women may develop hyperglycemia during pregnancy and this may lead

    to gestational diabetes. If untreated, this can cause these mothers to give

    birth to large babies who may have low glucose levels.

    Women who have had gestational diabetes may or may not go on to develop
    diabetes.





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  • #2
    HOW TO TEST GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD
    The blood glucose test is ordered to measure the amount of glucose in the blood right at the time of sample collection. It is used to detect both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and to help diagnose diabetes. Blood glucose may be measured on a fasting basis (collected after an 8 to 10 hour fast), randomly (anytime), post prandial (after a meal), and/or as part of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT / GTT). An OGTT is a series of blood glucose tests. A fasting glucose is collected; then the patient drinks a standard amount of a glucose solution to "challenge" their system. This is followed by one or more additional glucose tests performed at specific intervals to track glucose levels over time. The OGTT may be ordered to help diagnose diabetes and as a follow-up test to an elevated blood glucose

    The American Diabetes Association recommends either the fasting glucose or the OGTT to diagnose diabetes but says that testing should be done twice, at different times, in order to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes.

    Most pregnant women are screened for gestational diabetes, a temporary form of hyperglycemia, between their 24th and 28th week of pregnancy using a version of the OGTT, a 1-hour glucose challenge. If either fasting glucose or a random glucose is above the values used to diagnose diabetes in those who are not pregnant, the woman is considered to have gestational diabetes and neither the screening nor the glucose tolerance test is needed. If the 1-hour level is higher than the defined value, a longer OGTT is performed to clarify the patient’s status.


    Diabetics must monitor their own blood glucose levels, often several times a day, to determine how far above or below normal their glucose is and to determine what oral medications or insulin(s) they may need. This is usually done by placing a drop of blood from a skin prick onto a glucose strip and then inserting the strip into a glucose meter, a small machine that provides a digital readout of the blood glucose level.
    In those with suspected hypoglycemia, glucose levels are used as part of the "Whipple triad" to confirm a diagnosis
    The urine glucose is seldom ordered by itself. At one time, it was used to monitor diabetics, but it has been largely replaced by the more sensitive and “real time” blood glucose. The urine glucose is, however, one of the substances measured when a urinalysis is performed. A urinalysis may be done routinely as part of a physical, when a doctor suspects that a patient may have a urinary tract infection, or for a variety of other reasons. The doctor may follow an elevated urine glucose test with blood glucose testing.



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    • #3
      When is it ordered?
      Blood glucose testing can be used to screen healthy, asymptomatic individuals for diabetes and pre-diabetes because diabetes is a common disease that begins with few symptoms. Screening for glucose may occur during public health fairs or as part of workplace health programs. It may also be ordered when a patient has a routine physical exam. Screening is especially important for people at high risk of developing diabetes, such as those with a family history of diabetes, those who are overweight, and those who are more than 40 to 45 years old.
      The glucose test may also be ordered to help diagnose diabetes when someone has symptoms of hyperglycemia, such as:
      • Increased thirst
      • Increased urination
      • Fatigue
      • Blurred vision
      • Slow-healing infections
      or symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as:
      • Sweating
      • Hunger
      • Trembling
      • Anxiety
      • Confusion
      • Blurred Vision

      Blood glucose testing is also done in emergency settings to determine if low or high glucose is contributing to symptoms such as fainting and unconsciousness. If a patient has pre-diabetes (characterized by fasting or OGTT levels that are higher than normal but lower than those defined as diabetic), the doctor will order a glucose test at regular intervals to monitor the patient’s status. With known diabetics, doctors will order glucose levels in conjunction with other tests such as hemoglobin A1c to monitor glucose control over a period of time. Occasionally, a blood glucose level may be ordered along with insulin and C-peptide to monitor insulin production.
      Diabetics may be required to self-check their glucose, once or several times a day, to monitor glucose levels and to determine treatment options as prescribed by their doctor.
      Pregnant women are usually screened for gestational diabetes late in their pregnancies, unless they have early symptoms or previously have had gestational diabetes.. When a woman has gestational diabetes, her doctor will usually order glucose levels throughout the rest of her pregnancy and after delivery to monitor her condition.







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      • #4
        What does the test result mean?
        High levels of glucose most frequently indicate diabetes, but many other diseases and conditions can also cause elevated glucose. The following information summarizes the meaning of the test results. These are based on the clinical practice recommendations of the American Diabetes Association


        Fasting Blood Glucose

        From 70 to 99 mg/dL (3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L)...........>> Normal glucose tolerance

        From 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L).......>> Impaired fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)

        (DIABETES IF : 126mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) and above on more than one testing occasion

        Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
        [except pregnancy]
        (TWO hours after a 75-gram glucose drink)

        Less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)>>>> Normal glucose tolerance

        From 140 to 200 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.1 mmol/L)>>>>Impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes)

        Over 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) on more than one testing >>>occasion Diabetes


        Gestational Diabetes Screening: Glucose Challenge Test
        (ONE hour after a 50-gram glucose drinK)

        Less than 140* mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)>>> Normal glucose tolerance


        OVER 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)>>>> Abnormal, needs OGTT

        Gestational Diabetes Diagnostic: OGTT
        (100gram glucose drink)

        Fasting>>>>95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L)*

        ONE hour after glucose load>>>>180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L)


        TWO hours after glucose load>>>155 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L)*

        THREE hours after glucose load>>>140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L

        )
        Some of the other diseases and conditions that can result in elevated glucose levels include:

        Low to non-detectible urine glucose results are considered normal. Anything that raises blood glucose levels also has the potential to elevate urine glucose levels. Increased urine glucose levels may be seen with medications, such as estrogens and chloral hydrate, and with some forms of renal disease.
        Moderately increased levels may be seen with pre-diabetes.


        This condition, if left un-addressed, often leads to type 2 diabetes.
        Low glucose levels (hypoglycemia) are also seen with:
        :sm188:

        وسلامتكم

        معليش الموضووووع طويل بس والله ممتع واتمنى انو الجميع يستفيد منه واتمنى انه يكووون مرتب

        واحس كانه الألوان زيادة مشوووا حالكم الدنيا عيد وكل سنة وانتوا طيبيييين


        واي استفساااار حااااضرين :sm187:


        لاتنسوني من دعـواتكم الطيبة




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        • #5
          الموضوع روعه..اتيت لتسجيل اعجابي بالموضوع ولي عوده مع اسئلتي ( تخبرين مستوى خامس عليميين)
          LO MEJOR سابقا..

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          • #6
            :sm188: لا ميجور :sm188:

            ماشاء الله عليك

            كل سنة وانتا طيب


            منور الموضووووع


            ونستنى اسئلتك بس لا تسأل اشياااء صعبة ولا يبغالها ذاكرة قوية واسترجاع :sm175: مافيا ادور بالكتب بدا العيد :sm197:



            >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>أمزح



            تحياتي لك


            لاتنسوني من دعـواتكم الطيبة




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            • #7
              السمرة حيــاكـ الله

              بصراحة موضوع جميل جداً

              صح أني ماقريت منه الا شي بسيط بس حفظته عندي علشان أقراه على رواق

              الله يعطيك العافية

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              • #8
                راعي ميكروبات


                مشكووور على مكروووورك


                اقراه على رواقة ونشوووف رايك وردك

                معليش هوه طويل بس والله مررر مفيد


                لاتنسوني من دعـواتكم الطيبة




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                • #9
                  اووووووووووووووه تمام والله الموضوع روعه ....ثانكيو يا السمره

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                  • #10
                    يعطيك العافيه
                    اجازة 10ايام وراجع للغربه الله يعين

                    انا احبكم

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                    • #11
                      السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
                      موضوع رائع
                      جزاك الله خيرا

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                      • #12
                        موضوع كنا في حاجته

                        مشكوره ياسموره
                        يخاطبني السفيه بكل قبح ..... فأكره أن أكون له مجيبا
                        يزيد سفاهة فأزيد حلما ..... كعود زاده الإحراق طيبا

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                        • #13
                          جزاك الله خيرا

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                          • #14
                            لاى بصراحه ابدعتي يالسمررررررررررررررررررررررررررررررررره

                            الموضوع كامل والكامل الله سبحانه وتعالى

                            تسلم يمنااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااك
                            - من جن بالحب فهو عاقل ومن جن بغيره فهو مجنون

                            -إذا أحبك مليون فأنا معهم.. وإذا أحبك واحد فهو أنا ..وإذا لم يحبك أحد فاعلم أنني مت.:sm184:.

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                            • #15
                              الله يرحم والديك انشاء الله

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