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Tests Performed on blood bank product

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  • Tests Performed on blood bank product


    Tests Performed


    A number of laboratory tests must be completed before blood or blood products can be transfused:
    • Determination of the blood type with a crossmatch.
    • Screening for antibodies that may produce adverse effects if transfused.
    • Screening for possible infectious agents that could be transmitted with transfusion.
    The following tests are manadatory on all units of blood collected for transfusion:
    • ABO group and Rh type
    • Screening for blood-group antibodies
    • Serologic test for syphilis
    • Serologic tests for human retroviruses including:
      • HIV-1 antibody
      • HIV-2 antibody
      • HIV p24 antigen
      • HTLV I antibodies
    • Serologic tests for hepatitis including:
    Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

    Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)
    Hepatitis C antibody


    If, and only if, all of these markers are negative can blood be conveyed to the Blood Bank for storage until usage. A postive results for some of these tests may prevent further donation by that person. A person with such a test result will be notified by the donor center. Persons with a potential medical condition should see a physician and should not, under any circumstance, donate only to have blood tested. These measures are done to make the blood supply as safe as possible. The significant infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion and the risk of transmission (RT) in the U.S. are given below.

    Transfusion Transmitted Diseases


    Hepatitis B

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through parenteral and sexual exposure. The incubation time is a mean of 90 days with a range of 30 to 180 days.
    Donor blood is routinely tested for HBsAg and HBcAb. There is no routine testing for hepatitis A, because it is rarely transmitted by blood products.
    Recipients of blood products can also be infected with hepatitis delta, which is a defective RNA virus that needs a HBV superinfection to replicate.
    Persons who have received a hepatitis B vaccination (recommended for all health care workers with patient contact) will have hepatitis B surface antibody present, but not HBsAg or HBcAb
    Risk of transmission (RT) = 1/66,000 to 1:200,000


    Hepatitis C

    The route of transmission is parenteral, with sexual transmission lower than previously throught. The mean incubation time is 6 to 8 weeks.
    Blood Bank testing for HCV started in 1990. At present, only testing for hepatitis C antibody is available.
    Risk of transmission (RT) = 1/121,000


    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

    In 1982 the first cases of AIDS obtained from blood or blood components were reported, but the etiology of the infections was not known at that time.
    By 1983 changes occurred in the donor cirteria to exclude those at high risk for transmission of HIV.
    The first testing of blood products for HIV started in 1985 and is a test to detect the presence of antibody directed against HIV. Testing for HIV p24 antigen was mandated in 1996.
    Risk of transmission = 1/563,000 to 1/825,000


    Human T-lymphocytotrophic Virus (HTLV-1).

    HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that is endemic in Japan and the Caribbean. Implicated as causing adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and a neurological disorder similar to multiple sclerosis.
    Blood is routinely screened for antibodies to HTLV-1.
    Risk of transmission = 1/641,000 (but only 1-3% of seropositive individuals will develop disease).


    Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

    The prevalence of CMV antibody ranges from 50 to 80% of the population. Blood contaminated with CMV can cause problems in neonates or immunocompromised patients.
    Potential problems in selected patient populations can be prevented by transfusing CMV negative blood or frozen, deglycerolized RBC's.
    Donor blood is not routinely tested for CMV.


    Malaria

    Malaria is rarely transmitted by RBC products, although the number of transfusion associated cases of malaria is at an all-time high.
    There are no practical laboratory tests available to test donor blood, so donors travelling to high risk malaria areas are excluded from donating blood for six months.


    Others

    Additional diseases which are rarely transmitted by blood products, but for which no routine cost-effective laboratory testing is available include:
    · Babesiosis.
    · Lyme disease.
    · Chagas' disease.

  • #2
    يعطيكي العافيه
    يخاطبني السفيه بكل قبح ..... فأكره أن أكون له مجيبا
    يزيد سفاهة فأزيد حلما ..... كعود زاده الإحراق طيبا

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    • #3
      هلا والله
      اختي
      مشكوووووره على المواضيع ذي...
      ولازم الفحص قبل نقل الدم...وماشاء الله الايلايزا ماخله شي الا ويطلعها...
      وهنا عندنا الخطر اكثر شي في الهيبيتايتس حيث هو المتكاثر عندنا لان في عده من الناس يحملوا المرض
      (صديقي وعائلته كلهم عندهم Hepitits B) حاملين الفيروس...

      واما بالنسبه الى الملاريا اشوف اكثر المستشفيات تعمل الى كل المتبرعين Thick and Thin Films
      سلاااااام
      http://www.tntup.com/photo/img2/1663...5a9acb/hiv.jpg

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      • #4
        موضوع رائع أختي

        وطبعاً مسألة فحص الدم من المتبرع شيء لا يتهاون فيه أبداً وبصراحة السعودية قرأت منشورة من وزارة الصحة عن المشاكل التي عند أشخاص اعطوا دم من بنوك الدم قليلة جداً بالنسة لدول العالم حتى المتقدمة منها هذا إذا كانت المعلومات صادقة لأننا نعرف مشكلة تزوير المشاكل الصحية عند بعض الدول مثل ماحدث في سارس وغيرة
        وحتى السعودية مرضى الإيدز اضعاف ما نشر من قبل وزراة الصحة السعودية وهذا الكلام مأخوذ من منظمة الصحة العالمية

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        • #5
          حقيقة أن الموقع في غاية الروعة وأشكر كل الشكر كل الكادر المساهم في أنشا هذا الموقع لما لديهم من أخوة عربية فذة تشهد لهم بالأمتياز لما يقدموة لأخوانهم العرب وجزاكم الله خير الجزاء وأسكنكم الفردوس العلى

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          • #6
            شكرا ً ..........................
            لا اله الا الله

            اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد


            ماشاء الله

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            • #7
              شكر وتقدير

              أشكر كل الشكر الأخت بنت الكويت وانا مستعد لأي معلومات تريدونها جميع أعضاء المنتدى والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

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              • #8
                أشكر كل الشكر وأهديها أجل التحايات مشرفة عامة - شئون أطلس مختبرات العرب الواقع والحياد

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                • #9
                  مشكوره اختى جزيل الشكر والله ذكرتنى بمعلومات كنت ناسيها من فترررررررررررررررررره وبارك الله فيك
                  لك منى ارق الامانى واغلى التحيات
                  تقبلى مرورى
                  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi.../76/Mendel.png
                  يمضى الزمان ويذكر التاريخ أفضل الاعمال

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                  • #10
                    هذا لمن يريد ان يبداء باعداد خطة للبحث

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