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MHC MOLECULE

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  • MHC MOLECULE

    Classes of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Molecules Recognized by the TCR of T Cells

    The TCR recognizes peptide bound to a MHC molecule expressed on the cell surface. There are two classes of MHC molecules, called MHC class I and MHC class II.

    1. MHC class I

    Expressed on the surface of all nucleated cell types

    Recognized by the TCR of CD8 cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells)

    CD8 binds to the class I MHC-peptide complex

    Source of peptides is the cytosol

    2. MHC class II

    Expressed on the surface of a small number of nucleated cell types, referred to as antigen presenting cells (APC), the most important ones being macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells (Langerhans cells)

    Recognized by the TCR of CD4 helper T cells (Th cells)

    CD4 binds to class II MHC-peptide complexes

    Source of peptides is the vesicular compartment

    NOTE: The fragmentation of proteins and association of peptides with each of the two classes of MHC molecules undergo different pathways that are referred to collectively as antigen processing and presentation.
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