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أنواع الطفيل المسبب للملاريا في الإنسان

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  • أنواع الطفيل المسبب للملاريا في الإنسان

    أنواع الطفيل المسبب للملاريا في الإنسان

    وهناك المزيد بين صفحات هذا الموضوع......وشكرا

    الموا ضيع هي

    MALARIA LIFE CYCLE

    Preparation of thick and thin blood films

    Rapid Tests for Malaria
    الملفات المرفقة
    التعديل الأخير تم بواسطة trqziz; الساعة 31-07-2009, 12:48 PM.

  • #2
    يعطيك العافيه
    مشكوووووووووور
    <جااري التحميل
    http://rlv.zcache.com/future_lab_tec...243rv1_400.jpg

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    • #3
      الملف ما أشتغل

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      • #4
        يحتاج هذا الملف الي برنامج
        office 2007

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        • #5
          ملف أكثر من رائع

          طبعاً إلى المميز بالقسم ويثبت لفترة

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          • #6
            الف شكر...الف عافية
            اللهم اني اعوذ بك ان اُشرك بك شيئاً اعلمه

            واستغفرك فيما لا اعلمه

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            • #7
              MALARIA LIFE CYCLE

              MALARIA LIFE CYCLE


              وهناك ايضا ملف فلاش رائع
              الملفات المرفقة

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              • #8
                Preparation of thick and thin blood films

                Preparation of thick and thin blood films

                Thick films:- place a drop of blood in the middle of a clean microscope slide and with the corner of a second slide spread the drop until it is about 10-15mm in diameter.
                The thickness should be such that it is just possible to see news print through it. Thin films are made in the standard manner. Allow the films to dry, do not leave on the bench in a laboratory which is not fly proofed otherwise the film will be eaten.
                When the films are dry, fix and stain the thin films in the conventional manner but be careful about the pH of the stain, a slightly alkaline stain is recommended (pH 7.2) as an acid stain may fail to show the parasites. When only a few thick films are to be stained it is best to use dilute Giemsa stain (1/20), using a staining jar so that the film is in an upright position, this will allow any debris to fall to the bottom of the jar. Do not fix the sample prior to staining. Stain for about 30 minutes, wash gently with clean water and allow to dry. If available use a positive control. When a large number of thick films require staininq, Field's stain is preferred because it is very quick. Field's stain comprises two solutions; a polychrome methylene blue (A) and eosin (B). The solutions are kept in covered staining jars.
                1. Dip the dry but unfixed film into solution A for 1 or 2 seconds.
                2. Remove from solution A and immediately rinse in clean water ( a 250ml beaker with water gently flowing into it is suitable)
                3. Dip the film into solution B for 1 or 2 seconds.
                4. Rinse in clean water for a few seconds.
                5. Place in a vertical position to dry.
                If films are old or too thick the red cells may not lyse completely in the brief staining time. If this is likely dip the film in clean water for a few seconds or until the haemoglobin has dispersed before staining. Instructions for preparing Field's stain can be found in many laboratory text books.

                [/CENTER]

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                • #9
                  The illustrations show the characteristics of the four species

                  The illustrations show the characteristics of the four species







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                  • #10
                    السلام عليكم

                    بارك الله فيك ورحم الله والديك

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                    • #11
                      الف شكر على الموضوع الاكثر من رائع:more61:

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                      • #12
                        Rapid Tests for Malaria

                        Rapid Tests for Malaria

                        Malaria diagnosis, particularly in remote areas lacking laboratory support, frequently relies on the patient’s symptoms. The first symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, sweats, headaches, muscle pains, nausea and vomiting) are not specific to malaria and while clinical diagnosis is inexpensive and can be effective, clinicians often misdiagnose malarial infection. Symptomatic diagnosis is further complicated in highly endemic areas because a large proportion of the population can be infected but are not made ill by these parasites.
                        Microscopy is usually available in better-equipped clinics. This technique can confirm clinical diagnoses and provide important treatment information by identifying which of multiple parasite species are in circulation and which drug treatment to initiate. However, the experience of the laboratorian and the quality of the equipment determines the sensitivity of microscopic diagnosis. Microscopy is relatively inexpensive (US$0.25-0.50 per slide) and is a standard technique used for diagnosing other diseases (such as tuberculosis. However, microscopists are often overworked and undertrained, reagents are limited, equipment and electricity are unreliable, and a delay in results may mean incorrect treatment.
                        Development of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria offers the potential to extend accurate malaria diagnosis to remote areas without microscopy services. Rapid malaria diagnostic tests have been developed in the immunochromatographic strip, or lateral flow format. These tests use finger-stick or venous blood, take only 10-15 minutes, and a laboratory is not needed. Clinic staff can easily learn to interpret the results. Two types of rapid tests are available, ones that identify the PfHRP-2 antigen of falciparum malaria only, and others based on detection of falciparum malaria and for either vivax malaria or all four malarial species in the same test.
                        The falciparum-specific tests are more readily available, less expensive, and can also be effectively used in resource-limited settings, since patients who have a malaria-like fever and test negative can be given a chloroquine-type drug, while the more expensive falciparum-specific treatment is reserved for those patients who test positive. Growing P. falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs requires the use of more expensive combination therapies in Asia, Africa, and South America, and increases the need for accurate diagnosis.
                        Additional malaria diagnostic methods exist, however they require both financial and technical resources, frequently unavailable in resource-limited settings. Enzyme immunoassays, EIA, for example are roughly equivalent in sensitivity to microscopy and have limited sensitivity due to use of only Plasmodium falciparium antigen instead of antigens of all four human species. Using molecular amplification techniques, multiplex PCR tests have been developed for all four malarial species using target 18S single stranded rRNA and circumsporozoite stage DNA sequences. Also, the Royal Tropical Institute (Amsterdam, NL) has developed a qualitative NASBA method for detection and semi-quantification of as few as 50 malarial parasites/ml of blood, which is many times more sensitive than microscopy.

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                        • #13
                          Thank you very nice:sm188:
                          صلو علي الحبيب

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                          • #14
                            السلام عليكم

                            بارك الله فيك ورحم الله والديك

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                            • #15
                              جزاك الله خيرا

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