[="Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are a group of mainly IgG antibodies against antigens in the cytoplasm of neutrophil granulocytes (the most common type of white blood cell) and monocytes. They are detected as a blood test in a number of autoimmune disorders, but are particularly associated with systemic vasculitis, so called ANCA-associated vasculitides. Types ANCA were originally shown to divide into two main classes, c-ANCA and p-ANCA, based on the pattern of staining on ethanol-fixed neutrophils and the main target antigen. ANCA titres are generally measured using ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence.[1]
serologic testing for ANCA is recommended for patients with:
Glomerulonephritis
Pulmonary hemorrhage, especially Pulmonary-Renal syndrome
Cutaneous vasculitis with systemic features
Mononeuritis multiplex or other peripheral neuropathy
Long standing sinusitis or otitis
Subglottic tracheal stenosis
Retro-orbital mass
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies(ASCA), along with perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA), are among the two most useful and often discriminating markers for colitis.[1] ASCA tends to recognize Crohn's disease more frequently, whereas pANCA tend to recognize ulcerative colitis.[2] ASCA antibodies react to the following yeast proteins
Mannans[3]
200 kDA glycoprotein.[4]
Diseases in which ASCA are found:
Behçet's disease[5] - The association with ASCA is not generally strong, but increased in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.[6]
Celiac disease[7][8]
Colitis[7]
Ulcerative colitis-familial.[9]
Microscopic colitis
Collagenous colitis[10]
Crohn's disease[11][12]
Yeast S. cerevisiea, the cells are bordered by cell wall that contains the antigen for ASCAIntestinal yeast and ASCA+. Intestinal yeast infections are seen in malabsorptive diseases like coeliac disease. In Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis the presence of intestinal S. cerevisiae is rare, but the association with irritiable bowel in coeliac disease remains unstudied.[13]
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