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    الملفات المرفقة

  • #2
    Value of CBC
     Screening test for diagnosis of many diseases.
     Indicator of body’s ability to fight disease.
     Monitor the effects of drugs and radiation therapy.
     Follow up the patient’s progress in certain diseases (e.g. anaemia & infection …etc)
    Blood Leucocytes:
     Total & Differential Count
     Absolute & Relative Count
     Normal Leucocytic count.
    Children ,Adult
     Corrected Leucocytic count .

    Total & Differential Count
    Total Leucocytic count .
    Factors affecting ( physio. & patholo.) .
    Normal values ( Adult & Pediatrics) .
    Differential Leucocytic count .
    Manual Vs Automated .count .
    Factors affecting Diff. count .
    Spreading .
    Storage .
    Absolute & Relative count .
    Abs. count = TLC X Relative count .

    Corrected Leucocytic Count
    Example :
    Total Nucleated Cells (TNC) = 30,000 / cmm
    Normoblasts = 150/ 100 WBC
    No of cell counted =250 N0 of WBCs = 100
    TNC = 30,000 Correcter WB Cs : ?
    So Corrected WBCs = 30,000 X 100/ 250 = 12,000
    Corrected WBCs =
    TNC X 100 /100+Normoblast per/ 100 WBC

    Normal Mature Leukocytes
    Cellular Differentiation Balance
    Cell size (variable)
    Cytoplasm :
    Color
    Granules : granules number
    Size Color & Location


    Nucleus :
    N/C ratio
    Nuclear shape (Round, oval ,segmented .etc…)
    Location to the cell wall
    Nuclear condensation

    Nucleolei :
    Size Shape Numbers
    Perinucleolar condensation

    Myelocytic Maturation Series:
    Myeloblast
    Promyelocyte
    Myelocyte
    Metamyelocyte
    Band Neutrophil
    Segmented Neutrophil

    **Hematopoiesis: Blood Cell Formation























    كل العداوة قد ترجى مودتها إلا عدواة من عاداك عن حسد















    Differential WBCs :
    • Usually performed by visual examination of stained blood films which are prepared on slides by the spread or wedge technique
    Normal differential WBCs :
    • Neutrophils : 40-70 % (2000 - 7000/cmm)
    • Lymphocytes: 20-40 % (1000 - 3000/cmm)
    • Monocytes : 2-10% ( 200 - 1000/cmm)
    • Eosinophils : 1-6 % (20-500/cmm)
    • Basophils : 0 -1 % ( 20 - 100 /cmm)

    Neutrophils )

    • Size of the cell: 14 - 20 mm
    • Shape of the cell: oval or round
    • Colour of cytoplasm: pink
    • Granularity: a few azurophilic and neutrophilic, different in number granulation
    • Nucleus' shape: obulated (normally less than 5 lobes
    • Type of chromatin: condensed
    • Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio: low or very low
    • Nucleoli: not visible
    • Occurrence:
    blood: 40 - 75 %
    marrow: 5 - 20 % * Magnification: x 1000

    Eosinophils : )

    • Size of the cell: 15 - 25 mm
    • Shape of the cell: oval or round
    • Colour of cytoplasm: pale, covered by granules
    • Granularity: abundant eosinophilic (orange-red)
    • Nucleus' shape: lobulated, semicircular
    • Type of chromatin: condensed
    • Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio: low or very low
    • Nucleoli: not visible
    • Occurrence:
    blood: 2 - 4 %
    marrow: < 2 %

    BASOPHILS  )
    • Size of the cell: 12 - 18 mm
    • Shape of the cell: round or oval
    • Colour of cytoplasm: light-pink, mostly covered by granules and nucleus
    • Granularity: very dark, basophilic, granules of various size. The amount varies
    • Nucleus' shape: oval shaped in not mature forms; lobular shaped in mature forms
    • Type of chromatin: condensed, pale
    • Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio: low or very low
    • Nucleoli: not visible

    MONOCYTES ()
    • Size of the cell: 15 - 25 mm
    • Shape of the cell: round, oval or irregular
    • Colour of cytoplasm: grey-blue
    • Granularity: absent or a few, azurophilic, very fine granules
    • Nucleus' shape: usually irregular
    • Type of chromatin: coarse chromatin, clumped
    • Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio: moderate or low
    • Nucleoli: not visible
    • Occurrence:
    blood: 4 - 8 %
    marrow: < 2 %

    Lymphocyte ()
    Provide a specific immune response to
    infectious diseases.
    There are 2 types: -
    • Tcell
    • Bcell *They produce antibodies
    LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES )
    • Size of the cell: 15 - 25 mm
    • Shape of the cell: irregular
    • Colour of cytoplasm: blue
    • Granularity: a few, thick azurophilic granules
    • Nucleus' shape: oval, irregular
    • Type of chromatin: fine, homogenous
    • Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio: moderate or low
    • Nucleoli: not visible *Occurrence blood: < 10 %















    Reactive Lymphocyte: ()



































    Differential WBCs

    • Usually performed by visual examination of stained blood films which are prepared on slides by the spread or wedge technique

    Normal differential WBCs :
    Neutrophils : 40-70 % (2000 - 7000/cmm)
    Lymphocytes: 20-40 % (1000 - 3000/cmm)
    Monocytes : 2-10% ( 200 - 1000/cmm)
    Eosinophils : 1-6 % (20-500/cmm)
    Basophils : 0 -1 % ( 20 - 100 /cmm)

    Neutrophilia ()

    A. Physiological
    • At birth
    • Physical exercise.
    • Emotion
    • Pregnancy.
    • Following partum

    B. Pathological
    1. Infective.
    • Pyrogenic: staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, and gonococci.
    • Non pyrogenic: rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria and poliomyelitis.
    • Septicemia.

    2.Haemorrhage.
    intraserous, trauma: surgical, fracture, crush and burns
    3.Malignant disease.
    carcinoma and sarcoma
    4.Cardiac disorders.
    infarction
    5. Drugs and chemical poisoning.
    phenacetin and adrenaline
    6. Metabolic disturbances.
    renal failure, diabetic coma , gout , eclampsia.
    7. Myeloid leukemia.
    CML and PRV
    8. Collagen disease.
    PAN, rheumatoidarthritis, acute exacerbation of SLE
    9. Miscellaneous
    Serum sickness accompanying intravascular haemolysis.

    Neutropenia 
    1. Infection.
    Bacterial: typhoid and paratyphoid.
    Viral: influenza, rubella measles and herpes.
    Protozoal: malaria and kala azar
    2. Acute leukemia
    3. Drug induced neutropenia
    4. Aplastic anemia
    5. Hypersplenism
    6. Idiopathic neutropenia

    7. Bone marrow infiltration
    • Secondary carcinoma.
    • Malignant lymphoma.
    • Myelosclerosis.
    • Multiple myeloma.
    8. Megaloblastic anemia
    9. DLE
    10. Iron deficiency anemia
    11. Malignant disease
    12. Post irradiation.


















































    Lymphocytosis ()

    1. Infection:
    • Influenza.
    • Brucellosis.
    • Secondary syphilis.

    • Typhoid.
    • TB.
    2. Exanthema: initial stage of the following
    • Rubella
    • Chiken pox.
    • Mumps.
    3. Lymphocytic leukemia.
    4. NHL.

    5. Infectious mononucleosis.
    6. Toxoplasmosis.
    7. Infective hepatitis.
    8. Miscellaneous:
    • Myasthenia gravis.
    • Hypothyroidism
    • Thyrotoxicosis.
    • Multiple myelomatosis


    Monocytosis  ()
    1.Bacterial infection:
    • Tuberculosis
    • Brucellosis
    • Subacute bacterial
    • Endocarditic
    2.Protozoal and ricketsial diseases:

    • Malaria.
    • Typhus.
    • Kala azar
    • Trypanosoma
    3.Infectious mononucleosis:
    4.HD.
    5. NHL.
    6. Monocytic lekemia.
    7. Chronic idiopathic neutropenia.
    8. Rheumatic arthritis, collagenic disease.
    9. Chronic ulcerative colitis.
    10. Carcinoma.


    Basophilia  ()

    1- Myeloproliferative disorders, particularly CML.
    2- PRV.
    3- Iron deficiency anemia.
    4. Reactive immunologic conditions (e.g. IgE-mediatea hypersensitivity).
    5. Chronic inflammatory disorders (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis).
    6. Viral infections.
    7.Following radiation

    Qualitative WBCs Disorders 


    Neutrophilia – shift to right(
    Hypersegmented Neutrophils -98% à very specific to megaloplastic anemia

    تعليق


    • #3
      :sm173::sm196:

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      • #4
        بارك الله فيك وجعلها في ميزان حسناتك

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        • #5
          مشكورررررررررررر

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          • #6
            شكراً جزيلاً...
            http://images.google.com.bh/url?sour...TOotglOjLADkhw

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            • #7
              مشكووووووووووووووووووووور

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              • #8
                [CENTER]شكرا وجزاك الله خير.[/CENTER]

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                • #9
                  بارك الله فيك وجعلها في ميزان حسناتك
                  TECHNOLOGIST

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                  • #10
                    جزاك الله خير :more12:

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                    • #11
                      ممتاز ... بوركت

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                      • #12
                        جزاك الله خير

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                        • #13
                          يسلموووووووووو

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                          • #14
                            يعطيك العافيه
                            http://www8.0zz0.com/2011/03/05/17/293377654.jpg


                            فـ عِندما وُلدت كنت
                            تبكي ..
                            والآخرون من حولك كانوا يبتسمون ..
                            فـ عِش حياتك جيدا ..!!لكي تكون أنت من يبتسم عندما تموت ..!
                            بينما الآخرون من حولك ..
                            يبكون ..!!



                            تحياتي
                            بنت المشايخ

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                            • #15
                              سلموووووووووووووووووووو



                              أخي




                              احمد الجوفي



                              الا الحبيــــــــــب يا عبـــــاد الصليـــــب

                              اللهم صلي وسلم وبارك على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه ومن تبعه باحسان الى يوم الدين.

                              قال ( ص ) :- كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ... ثقيلتان في الميزان ... حبيبتان الى الرحمن ...

                              " سبحان الله وبحمده ... سبحان الله العظيم "

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