Hematology
Cellular Components
Components of Blood
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Inflammatory process
Coagulation
Hemorrhage
Blood Typing
Clotting disorders
Aticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy
Volume= 5L
Composition
Fluid part
plasma
Formed cellular elements
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leucocytes(WBCs)
Thrombocytes (PLATELETS)
Haematopoesis-sites of production
Embryo
Yolk sac (first trimester)
Liver –(second trimester)
Bone marrow-(third trimester)
At birth
The whole bony skeleton contains active marrow
Childhood and adolescence
Decrease in long bones
Adults
Limited to flat bones(skull, ribs, vetebra, pelvis,..)
Proximal ends of long bones.
Functions of the blood: 1-Respiratory
2-Transport of nutrients
3-Transport of waste products
4-Transport of hormones
5-Regulation of fluid volume
6-Temperature regulation
7-Defence function
8- Haemostasis
Shape of the red cell
The mature cell is a biconcave disc non-nucleated

Importance of this shape:
 Increases surface area to volume ratio
 Increases flexibility
 Decreases fragility
Provide large surface area relative to the volume thus help diffusion of oxygen

Red blood cell count = 4.7 millions per cubic mm (ml)
Haemoglobin concentration = 12-16 grams per deciliter
PCV (Packed cell volume or haematocrit) =40 47%
Percent of the blood which is cells (Diagram)
Nutritional requirement of erythropoiesis
1-amino acids
2-Vitamins
A- B12 and folic acid
B-Vitamin C
C-Pyridoxine (B6)
D-Thiamine, riboflavin and other B group
E-Vitamin E
3-Trace elements:
Copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc and Nickel
4-Iron