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erythropoiesis

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  • erythropoiesis

    السلام عليكم
    انا طالبة عندي بحث تخرج وموضوع بحثي عن erythropoiesis
    فلو سمحتم محتاجة مساعدتكم عن هذا الموضوع علما انو بحثنا مجرد بحث كتابي طبعا بالانجلش
    :sm200:
    ومو عارفة كيف ابدا البحث يعني ايش اكتب بالانترودكشن وايش اوت لاين
    اتمنى تساعدوني
    ويسلمو مقدما

  • #2
    Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced. It is stimulated by decreased O2 in circulation, which is detected by the kidneys, which then secrete the hormone erythropoietin.[2] This activates increased erythropoiesis in the hemopoietic tissues.[2] In postnatal birds and mammals (including humans), this usually occurs within the red bone marrow.[2] In the early fetus, erythropoiesis takes place in the mesodermal cells of the yolk sac. By the third or fourth month, erythropoiesis moves to the spleen and liver.[3] After seven months, erythropoiesis occurs in the bone marrow.[4] However, in humans with certain diseases and in some animals, erythropoiesis also occurs outside the bone marrow, within the spleen or liver. This is termed extramedullary erythropoiesis.
    The bone marrow of essentially all the bones produces RBCs until a person is around five years old.The tibia and femur cease to be important sites of hematopoiesis by about age 25; the vertebrae, sternum, pelvis and ribs, and cranial bones continue to produce red blood cells throughout life.


    Erythrocyte differentiation

    In the process of red blood cell maturation, a cell undergoes a series of differentiations. The following stages 1–7 of development all occur within the bone marrow:
    hemocytoblast a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
    Common myeloid progenitor multipotent stem cell
    unipotent stem cell
    pronormoblast also commonly called proerythroblast or rubriblast.
    basophilic normoblast/early normoblast also commonly called erythroblast
    polychromatophilic normoblast/intermediate normoblast
    orthochromatic normoblast/late normoblast - Nucleus is Expelled before becoming a reticulocyte
    reticulocyte
    The cell is released from the bone marrow after stage 7, and so of circulating red blood cells there are ~1% reticulocytes. After 1–2 days these ultimately become "erythrocytes" or mature red blood cells.
    These stages correspond to specific appearances of the cell when stained with Wright's stain and examined by light microscopy, but correspond to other biochemical changes.
    In the process of maturation a basophilic pronormoblast is converted from a cell with a large nucleus and a volume of 900 fL to an enucleated disc with a volume of 95 fL. By the reticulocyte stage, the cell has extruded its nucleus, but is still capable of producing hemoglobin.
    Essentially important for the maturation of RBC'S are two vitamins B-12 and folic acid. Lack of any one of these causes maturation failure in the process of erythropoiesis, which manifests clinically as reticulocytopenia, an abnormally low amount of reticulocytes....

    Characteristics seen in erythrocytes during erythropoiesis

    The following characteristics can be seen changing in the erythrocytes when they are maturing:
    They show a reduction in the cell size;
    The cytoplasmic matrix increases in amount;
    Staining reaction of the cytoplasm changes from basophilic to acidophilic (this is because of the decrease in the amount of RNA and DNA);
    Initially the nucleus was large in size and contained open chromatin. But with the maturation of RBC's the size of the nucleus decreases and finally disappears with the condensation of the chromatin material.[5]
    Regulation of erythropoiesis

    A feedback loop involving erythropoietin helps regulate the process of erythropoiesis so that, in non-disease states, the production of red blood cells is equal to the destruction of red blood cells and the red blood cell number is sufficient to sustain adequate tissue oxygen levels but not so high as to cause sludging, thrombosis, or stroke. Erythropoietin is produced in the kidney and liver in response to low oxygen levels. In addition, erythropoietin is bound by circulating red blood cells; low circulating numbers lead to a relatively high level of unbound erythropoietin, which stimulates production in the bone marrow....

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    • #3
      this paper u can take from it some information about ur topic......and u can start ur topic by talking about that all blood cells come from one cells known as stem cells and it become pluripotent then it becmoe difrentated into myloid stem cell and lymphoida and show pic of it then u can talk in details about erythropoiesis.....and iwill give u more paper that can help u arrange ur toip....

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      • #4
        go to essential hematology it have really good information....

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        • #5
          شكرا لكم
          بس كالعادة مع الدكتورة الجميلة والجامعة الجميلة غيرو موضوع البحث وصار عن الانيميا وقالت اكتبي بالانترودكشن عن الاريثروبويسس
          فاتمنى تساعدوني عن موضوعي الجديد
          وادا احد عنده كوبي لبحث تخرجه يعطني بس ودي اطلع على طريقة وترتيب الموضوع

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          • #6
            سؤال
            البحث كم صفحة وعن ايه فى الانيميا( انواعها والا اسبابها )
            حددى وامهلنى يوم بعدها وهل مدعمة بالصور ام لا
            [الحمد لله كثيرا وسبحان الله بكره واصيلا لااله الا الله محمد رسول الله
            [](لله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض وإن تبدوا مافي أنفسكم أو تخفوه يحاسبكم به الله فيغفر لمن يشاء ويعذب من يشاء والله على كل شيء قدير ()

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            • #7
              دكتور وليد اولا يعطيك العافية بحثي تقريبا 30صفحة يشمل جميع اقسام الانيميا
              انا الحين بحاجة الى انترودكشن ابدا فيه بالارثرو بويسيس بعدين ابدا كلامي عن الانيميا طبعا الانترودكشن بس صفحتين بالكثير
              ومشكور

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