) is an animal disease caused by parasitic dipterous fly larvae feeding on the host's necrotic or living tissue. Colloquialisms for myiasis include flystrike and fly-blown. In Greek, "myia" means fly.

German entomologist Fritz Zumpt describes myiasis as "the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae, which at least for a period, feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body substances, or ingested food".

Myiasis is a serious problem for the livestock industry, causing severe economic losses worldwide Although infestation by fly larvae is much more prevalent in animals, it is a relatively frequent occurrence in humans in rural, tropical and subtropical regions
Myiasis can come in all sorts of variations, depending on the fly species and where the larvae are located. Some flies may lay eggs in open wounds, other larvae may invade unbroken skin or enter the body through the nose or ears,
and still others may be swallowed if the eggs are deposited on the lips or on
food
Life Cycle
· Egg hatching within the host is triggered by changes in the ambient temperature (i.e. encountering a warm-blooded organism), and larvae can penetrate host skin in under 10 minutes. Like most other myiasis-producing flies, the botfly larvae undergo three stages of development known as instars. During development, the larvae migrate deeper within the host tissue. Incubation time within the host is anywhere from 5 to 12 weeks. After the conclusion of the third instar, the larvae will emerge from the host, drop to the ground, and begin pupa formation. Under warm and human conditions, an adult botfly will emerge after 2 weeks and have a life expectancy of 9 to 12 days.





[ClassificationsMyiasis can be classified in two ways
1.The classical classification describes the myiasis by the infected area of the host. This is the classification used For example:
dermal, sub-dermal, cutaneous (nasopharyngeal ocular intestinal/enteric (), or urogenital ).
2.Another classification is based on the relationship between the host and the parasite and provides insight into the biology of the fly species causing the myiasis and its likely effect. Thus the myiasis is described as either specific, semispecific, or accidental This describes whether the fly larvae require a host for development.


[ Vectors in humans There are three main fly families causing economically important myiasis in livestock and also, occasionally, in humans

Calliphoridae (blowflies
Oestroidea (botflies
Sarcophagidae




Clinical presentation in humans



Syndrome& Symptoms
Cutaneous Myiasis: Painful, slow-developing ulcers or furuncle- (boil-) like sores that can last for a prolonged period.
Nasal Myiasis: Obstruction of nasal passages and severe irritation. In some cases facial edema and fever can develop. Death is not uncommon.
Aural Myiasis :Crawling sensations and buzzing noises. Smelly discharge is sometimes present. If located in the middle ear, larvae may get to the brain.
Ophthalmomyiasis: Fairly common, this causes severe irritation, edema, and



Diagnosis of Myiasis
"With panache, he preserved the parasite in a small bottle filled with a splendid white rum and delivered it to our department

Because there are so many species of flies that cause myiasis and types of myiasis, diagnosis of myiasis is often based on the clinical presentation, signs and symptoms. Identification of the larvae are needed for a definitive diagnosis, and for this reason, should be removed and kept for identification by an etymologist.

If you can get a hold of the live maggots, you should place them on a dish of raw meat in a glass jar containing moist sand to the height of 5 cm or more

◦Plug the jar with cotton and allow it to stand at room temp
◦Maggots will burrow into the meat and remain there for some time, depending on the stage of development
◦They will eventually leave the meat and enter the sand in order to pupate
◦At this time, you should remove the meat and examine the jar periodically for the presence of emergent flies
◦A good substitute is blood agar, in which maggots seem to thrive
For even more precise identification, you need an adult fly. The diagnosis should not be made on the larvae alone. It is possible that family and genus of
the insect may be determined by the larval morphology .

Treatment
This applies once an infestation is underway. First the larvae must be eliminated through pressure around the lesion and the use of forceps. Secondly the wound must be cleaned and disinfected. Further control is necessary to avoid further reinfestation .

It is also possible to treat livestock with the use of slow release boluses containing ivermectin which can provide long term protection against the larvae development.

Sheep may be dipped, which involves drenching the sheep in insecticide to prevent the growth of the larvae.