what is LFT??

[HIV]

What are Liver Function Tests?
LFTs (liver function tests) are a group of blood tests that can help to show how well a person's liver is working. LFTs include measurements of albumin, various liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT and ALP), bilirubin, prothrombin time, cholesterol and total protein. All of these tests can be performed at the same time.


Measuring Liver Proteins:

Total protein testing (also called TP or serum total protein) measures the amount of proteins in the bloodstream. Many different things can cause abnormally high or low protein levels. A doctor may order total protein testing to help diagnose kidney or liver disease, blood cancer, malnutrition or abnormal body swelling. Normal protein levels in the bloodstream range from 6.5 to 8.2 grams per deciliter Two of the main proteins found in the bloodstream are albumin and globulin.

Globulins are made by various liver cells and the immune system. They help to fight off infections. Low globulin levels can have many causes other than liver damage.

Albumin is a protein made in the liver. If the liver is badly damaged, it can no longer produce albumin. Albumin maintains the amount of blood in the veins and arteries. When albumin levels become very low, fluid can leak out from the blood vessels into nearby tissues, causing swelling in the feet and ankles. Very low levels of albumin may be a sign of liver damage. The normal albumin range is from 3.9 grams/ deciliter to 5.0 grams/deciliter

continue.......

[رائد فرزان]

موضوعك قوي جدا ورائع
صدقني يابو حميد ان هذا اللي نحتاجه
كلام مختصر ومفيد وواضح
ولغة مبسطة فقط ونفهم..
الله يعطيك الف الف الف عافية ونتمنى لو تحطها بسلسسة
وتكون هذي 1 من 1..

[فيصل]

يا سلام

كفو يالذيب صراحة شئ روعه ومعلومات مختصره ومفيده , وطلعنا بفائده قبل لا ناخذ الموضوع باكمله ..

لا تقصر معنا بمثل هذي المواضيع المفيده والمختصره

ودمت سالماً ..

[lab.com]

خير الكلام ما قل ونفع << ابي اغير
موضوعات متميزة من شخص متميز

[HIV]

بصراحه شباب اخجلتوني وصار وجهي مثل (الطماطم) >>>>اقول بلا خراط واجد
بصراحه انا كنت متعمد اقطع الموضوع......
لان الواحد اذا شاف الكلام الواجد ....يحب يخلصه بسرعه بقراءه سطر وترك سطر
مشكوووورين حبايبي جميعا للرد والتشجيع...
انتظروا البقايا.......
سلاااااااااام

[HIV]

Measuring Liver Enzymes:

ALT and AST are enzymes made in the liver. They are also known as transaminases. The liver uses these enzymes to metabolize amino acids and to make proteins. When liver cells are damaged or dying, ALT and AST leak into the bloodstream. Many different things can cause liver enzymes to rise above normal levels, including:

• Viral hepatitis
• Excessive alcohol intake/Alcoholic liver disease
• Liver inflammation from medications and certain herbs,
• Auto-immune hepatitis - a condition where a person's immune system mistakes the liver for an invader and attacks it,
• Fatty liver- fat build -up in liver cells, called steatohepatitis when the fatty liver is inflamed
• Inherited liver diseases
• Liver tumors
• Heart failure

ALT (also called alanine aminotransferase or SGPT) is found in the liver only. High levels of ALT in the bloodstream mean that there may be liver inflammation and/or damage. This test cannot predict liver damage or disease progression. It is simply a direct measurement of the amount of ALT in the person's bloodstream at the time of the test. The normal range of ALT levels is between 5 IU/L to 60 IU/L (International Units per Liter). ALT levels in people with HCV often rise and fall over time, so additional testing such as HCV RNA, HCV genotyping and a liver biopsy may be needed to help determine the cause and extent of liver damage.

AST (also called aspartate aminotransferase or SGOT) is found in other organs besides the liver. High AST levels in the bloodstream can be a sign of liver trouble. AST testing measures the level of AST in a person's bloodstream at a given time. The normal range for AST levels in the bloodstream are 5 IU/L to 43 IU/L. Like ALT levels, AST levels in people with HCV often vary over time and can't be used to forecast disease progression or specifically measure liver damage
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[شمس الكيمياء]

شكرا على الموضوع الحلو وجعله الله في ميزان حسناتك،و أنا بصراحة استفدت من كل كلمة موجودة في الموضوع.

[white falcon]

يعطيك العافية HIV

ليش التقسيط المريح هذا لو تنزل الموضوع كامل عشان لو في اضافات ممكن اضيفها او شرح بعض النقاط المبهمه

لك تحياتي

[HIV]

شمس الكيمياء .....
اهلا وسهلا بك .....واهم شي الاستفاده عندنا

اخوي وايت فالكون ......
هلا فيك...وزي ماقالت في الردود السابقه ماحب انزل الموضوع كامل علشان الواحد لايطفش وهو يقراء..
فيكون مقطع احسن....

سلاااااام

[HIV]

Cholestatic Liver Enzymes: GGT and ALP are also called cholestatic liver enzymes. Chloestasis is a term used for partial or full blockage of the bile ducts. Bile ducts bring bile from the liver into the gallbladder and the intestines. Bile is a green fluid produced in liver cells. Bile helps the body to break down fat, process cholesterol and get rid of toxins. If the bile duct is inflamed or damaged, GGT and ALP can get backed up and spill out from the liver into the bloodstream.

ALP metabolizes phosphorus and brings energy to the body. GGT brings oxygen to tissues.


Causes of elevated ALP and GGT levels include:

• Scarring of the bile ducts (called primary biliary cirrhosis),
• Fatty liver (steatosis),
• Alcoholic liver disease,
• Liver inflammation from medications and certain herbs,
• Liver tumors,
• Gallstones or gall bladder problems.

ALP (also called alkaline phosphatase) is found in the bones, intestines, kidneys and placenta as well as the liver. Abnormally high ALP can have many causes other than liver damage, including: bone disease, congestive heart failure, and hyperthyroidism. A rise in ALP levels can indicate liver trouble if GGT levels are also elevated. The normal range of ALP is from 30 IU/L to 115 IU/L.
GGT (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) is found in the liver. Obesity, PBC, heavy drinking, fatty liver, and certain medications or herbs that are toxic to the liver can cause GGT levels to rise the normal range of GGT is from 5 IU/L to 80 IU/L.

Bilirubin:


Bilirubin is a yellow fluid produced in the liver when worn-out red blood cells are broken down. Bilirubin can leak out from the liver into the bloodstream if the liver is damaged. When bilirubin builds up, it can cause jaundice - a yellowing of the eyes and skin, dark urine and light colored feces. The causes of abnormal bilirubin levels include:

• Viral hepatitis,
• Blocked bile ducts,
• Other liver diseases,
• Liver scarring (cirrhosis)

Total bilirubin testing measures the amount of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Normal total bilirubin levels range from .20mg/dl to 1.50 (milligrams per deciliter). Direct bilirubin testing measures bilirubin made in the liver. The normal level of direct bilirubin range from .00 to .03 mg/dl

The End