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Part 1: The measurements in a complete blood count
What is a complete blood count?
A complete blood count, often referred to as
a CBC, is a common blood test. A CBC provides
detailed information about three types
of cells in your blood: red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets. These blood cells
are made in the bone marrow, the spongy
tissue filling the center of your bones. Bone
marrow in the skull, sternum (breast bone),
ribs, vertebral column (backbone), and
pelvis produces these blood cells.
Each type of blood cell plays an important
role in your body’s normal function.
What does a complete blood count
measure?
A complete blood count in• hemoglobin (HGB) value
Hemoglobin gives red blood cells their
color. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from
the lungs to the tissues and takes carbon
dioxide (the waste products) from the
tissues to the lungs. From the lungs, carbon
dioxide is exhaled.Hemoglobin is
measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL) of
blood.
• hematocrit (HCT) value
The hematocrit is the percentage of red
blood cells in relation to your total blood
volume.
• platelet count.
Platelets help to stop bleeding by forming
blood clots. They are measured in
thousands per cubic millimeter (K/mm3)
of blood.
What are the normal ranges of these
measurements?
Each measurement in a complete blood
count has a normal range:
• WBC: 3.4-9.6 K/mm3
• RBC: 3.58-4.99 mil/mm3
• HGB: 11.1-15.0 g/dL
• HCT: 31.8-43.2%
• Platelets: 162-380 K/mm3.Part 2: A more detailed look at what the complete
blood count measures
White blood cells
These cells are the mobile units of the body’s
infection-fighting system. White blood cells
travel in the bloodstream to areas of infection
and destroy the responsible bacteria.
However, the WBC lab value is not meaningful
unless the “differential” is also known.
The differential
The differential measures each of the five
types of white blood cells:
• neutrophils (polys and bands)
• basophils
• eosinophils
• lymphocytes
• monocytes.
The differential is usually based on 100 cells
counted in a laboratory sample.
What are neutrophils?
Neutrophils are the most numerous white
blood cells. They make up about 56 percent
of white blood cells. Neutrophils are the “soldiers”
that fight infections. They eat or gobble
up the infectious particles (bacteria) in your
body.
On your lab sheet, you will see the words
“polys” and “bands.” Polys are mature neutrophils;
bands are young polys, which also
fight infectionsWhat is the ANC or AGC?
The absolute neutrophil count (ANC), also
called absolute granulocyte count (AGC), is
the measure of the number of infection-fighting
white blood cells in your blood.
How is the ANC calculated?
To calculate the ANC, the number of white
blood cells and the percentage of polys and
bands must be known. Then, the number of
white blood cells is multiplied by the percentage
of polys and bands.
For example, let the number of white blood
cells be 300. (This number would be 0.3 on
the lab sheet. To get this number, move the
decimal three places to the right.) Let the
number of polys be 10 percent (0.10), and
bands 5 percent (0.05). The ANC is found by
doing the following:
300 x (0.10 + 0.05)
= 300 x 0.15
= 45
The ANC is 45.
Three more examples of these calculations
are at the end of this information. The normal
ranges shown are based on adult women;
adult men’s and children’s ranges will be
slightly different.cludes five major
measurements:
• white blood cell (WBC) count
White blood cells fight infections. They
are measured in thousands
per cubic milliliter (K/mm3) of blood.
• red blood cell (RBC) count
Red blood cells carry oxygen to and
remove waste products from the body’s
tissues. These cells also contain hemoglobin.
Red blood cells are measured in
millions per cubic millimeter (mil/mm3)
of blood.
]
What is a complete blood count?
A complete blood count, often referred to as
a CBC, is a common blood test. A CBC provides
detailed information about three types
of cells in your blood: red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets. These blood cells
are made in the bone marrow, the spongy
tissue filling the center of your bones. Bone
marrow in the skull, sternum (breast bone),
ribs, vertebral column (backbone), and
pelvis produces these blood cells.
Each type of blood cell plays an important
role in your body’s normal function.
What does a complete blood count
measure?
A complete blood count in• hemoglobin (HGB) value
Hemoglobin gives red blood cells their
color. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from
the lungs to the tissues and takes carbon
dioxide (the waste products) from the
tissues to the lungs. From the lungs, carbon
dioxide is exhaled.Hemoglobin is
measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL) of
blood.
• hematocrit (HCT) value
The hematocrit is the percentage of red
blood cells in relation to your total blood
volume.
• platelet count.
Platelets help to stop bleeding by forming
blood clots. They are measured in
thousands per cubic millimeter (K/mm3)
of blood.
What are the normal ranges of these
measurements?
Each measurement in a complete blood
count has a normal range:
• WBC: 3.4-9.6 K/mm3
• RBC: 3.58-4.99 mil/mm3
• HGB: 11.1-15.0 g/dL
• HCT: 31.8-43.2%
• Platelets: 162-380 K/mm3.Part 2: A more detailed look at what the complete
blood count measures
White blood cells
These cells are the mobile units of the body’s
infection-fighting system. White blood cells
travel in the bloodstream to areas of infection
and destroy the responsible bacteria.
However, the WBC lab value is not meaningful
unless the “differential” is also known.
The differential
The differential measures each of the five
types of white blood cells:
• neutrophils (polys and bands)
• basophils
• eosinophils
• lymphocytes
• monocytes.
The differential is usually based on 100 cells
counted in a laboratory sample.
What are neutrophils?
Neutrophils are the most numerous white
blood cells. They make up about 56 percent
of white blood cells. Neutrophils are the “soldiers”
that fight infections. They eat or gobble
up the infectious particles (bacteria) in your
body.
On your lab sheet, you will see the words
“polys” and “bands.” Polys are mature neutrophils;
bands are young polys, which also
fight infectionsWhat is the ANC or AGC?
The absolute neutrophil count (ANC), also
called absolute granulocyte count (AGC), is
the measure of the number of infection-fighting
white blood cells in your blood.
How is the ANC calculated?
To calculate the ANC, the number of white
blood cells and the percentage of polys and
bands must be known. Then, the number of
white blood cells is multiplied by the percentage
of polys and bands.
For example, let the number of white blood
cells be 300. (This number would be 0.3 on
the lab sheet. To get this number, move the
decimal three places to the right.) Let the
number of polys be 10 percent (0.10), and
bands 5 percent (0.05). The ANC is found by
doing the following:
300 x (0.10 + 0.05)
= 300 x 0.15
= 45
The ANC is 45.
Three more examples of these calculations
are at the end of this information. The normal
ranges shown are based on adult women;
adult men’s and children’s ranges will be
slightly different.cludes five major
measurements:
• white blood cell (WBC) count
White blood cells fight infections. They
are measured in thousands
per cubic milliliter (K/mm3) of blood.
• red blood cell (RBC) count
Red blood cells carry oxygen to and
remove waste products from the body’s
tissues. These cells also contain hemoglobin.
Red blood cells are measured in
millions per cubic millimeter (mil/mm3)
of blood.
]
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