الف شكر لك كذة اختصرت دراسة خمس سنين في صفحة
إعـــــــلان
تقليص
لا يوجد إعلان حتى الآن.
نبذة مختصرة عن تخصص المختبرات الطبية
تقليص
X
-
Therapeutic and Toxic
Drug Concentrations List
"Whole List"
________________________________________
A - B | C - D | E - L | M - O | P - S | T - Z | Entire List
________________________________________
List must be read as follows:
• Substance (remarks) (Mol. weight) - Matrix - [Ref. Concentration Therapeutic mg/L (T=trough; P=peak)] - [Ref. Concentration Toxic mg/L (T=trough; L=lethal)]
________________________________________
• Acebutolol (336.4) - Serum - [0.5-1.25] - [L 20]
- diacetol (308.4) - Serum - [0.65-4.5] - [-]
• Acenocoumarol (353.3) - Serum - [T0.03-0.09 P0.1-0.5] - [T0.1-0.15]
• Acetaldehyde (44.1) - Blood - [0-30] - [100-125]
• Acetazolamide (1) (222.2) - Serum - [(5)10-20] - [25]
• Acetohexamide (324.4) - Serum - [20-55] - [-]
• Acetone (2) (58.1 - Blood - [5-20] - [200-400 L550]
• Acetonitrile (41.1) - Blood - [-] - [L 0.77]
- cyanide (26.0) - Blood - [0.001-0.012(-0.15)] - [-]
• Acetylsalicylic acid (3) (180.2) - Serum - [-] - [-]
- salicylic acid (4) (138.1) - Serum - [30-300] - [400-500 child 300; L-500-900]
• Acyclovir (5) (225.2) - Serum - [T0.5-1.5 P5-15] - [-]
• Ajmaline (326.4) - Serum - [0.2-1] - [-]
• Albendazole (265.3) - ... - [-] - [-]
- albendazole sulphoxide (-) - Serum - [0.5-1.5] - [-]
• Aldrin (364.9) - Serum - [0-0.0015] - [0.0035]
• Alfentanil (416.5) - Serum - [0.03-0.6] - [-]
• Alimemazine (298.4) - Serum - [0.05-0.4] - [0.5]
• Allobarbital (208.2) - Serum - [5-10] - [20-30]
• Allopurinol (136.1) - Serum - [P 1-5] - [-]
- oxypurinol (152.1) - Serum - [5-15] - [20]
• Alphaprodine (261.4) - Serum - [0.87-1.0] - [-]
• Alprazolam (308.8) - Serum - [0.001-0.06] - [0.075]
• Alprenolol (249.4) - Serum - [0.05-0.1] - [T 0.1 - P 1]
- hydroxyalprenolol - Serum - [0.04-0.065 sum 0.1-0.2] - [sum T 0.25-0.3]
• Aluminium (6) (27.0) - Serum - [0-0.02(0.1)] - [0.15]
• Amantadine (151.3) - Serum - [0.3-0.6] - [1]
• Amikacin (585.6) - Serum - [T1-4(8) P15-25(30)] - [T10 P35]
• Aminoglutethimide (232.3) - Serum - [0.5-25] - [-]
• 4-Aminopyridine (94.1) - Serum - [0.025-0.075] - [0.15-0.2]
• Amiodarone (645.3) - Serum - [1-2.5 T 0.5-2] - [3]
- desethylamiodarone - Serum - [sum 1-5] - [sum 5-8]
• Amitriptyline (277.4) - Serum - [0.05-0.2] - [-]
- nortriptyline (263.4) - Serum - [sum 0.12-0.25] - [sum 0.5 - L 2]
• Ammonia (17.0) - Plasma - [0.5-1.7] - [-]
• Amobarbital (226.3) - Serum - [1-5] - [10-30 L13-96]
• Amoxapine (313.8) - Serum - [0.01-0.2] - [L 3]
- 8-hydroxyamoxapine - ... - [sum 0.2-0.4] - [-]
• Amoxicillin (7) (365.4) - Serum - [T0.5-1 P5-15] - [-]
• Amphetamine (135.2) - Serum - [(0.02) 0.05 - 0.15] - [0.2; L 0.5-1 (*for addicts 1-10)]
• Amphotericin B (924.1) - Serum - [T0.025-1 P1.5-3.5] - [T5-10]
• Ampicillin (7) (349.4) - Serum - [T0.02-1 P2-20] - [-]
• Amsacrine (8) (393.5) - Serum - [0.1-0.5 T0.03 P0.15-5.5] - [-]
• Anileridine (352.5) - Serum - [-] - [L0.9]
• Aniline (93.1) - Serum - [-] - [L6]
• Apomorphine (267.3) - Serum - [0.002-0.02] - [-]
• Aprindine (322.5) - Serum - [0.75-2.5] - [2]
• Arsenic (74.9) - Blood - [0.002-0.07] - [0.1-0.25(1); L9-15]
• Arsenic (9) (74.9] - Urine - [0-0.1] - [0.2-1]
• Atenolol (266.3) - Serum - [0.2-0.6(1)] - [2]
• Atracurium (931.2) - Serum - [0.1-1(5)] - [-]
• Atropine (289.4) - Serum - [0.002-0.025] - [0.02-0.03 L0.2]
• Azathioprine (10) (277.3) - Serum - [P 0.05-0.3] - [-]
- 8-mercaptopurine (152.2) - Serum - [0.04-0.3] - [1-2]
• Aztreonam (435.4) - Serum - [T1-10 P50-250] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "B"
• Baclofen (213.7) - Serum - [0.2-0.6] - [1.1-3.5]
• Barbital (184.2) - Serum - [10-40] - [60-80 L>100]
• Barbiturates
- intermediate acting - Serum - [1-5] - [10-30 L>30]
- long acting - Serum - [10-40] - [40-60 L>80]
- short acting - Serum - [1-5] - [7-10 L>10-15]
• Benzbromaron (424.1) - Serum - [2-10] - [-]
• Benzene (78.1) - Blood - [-] - [L0.95]
• Benzphetamine (239.4) - Serum - [0.025-0.5] - [0.5]
• Benztropine (307.4) - Serum - [0.08-0.125] - [0.4-0.5 L0.7]
• Betaxolol (307.4) - Serum - [0.005-0.05] - [-]
• Bethanidine (177) - Serum - [0.02-0.5] - [-]
• Biperiden (311.5) - Serum - [0.005-0.1] - [-]
• Bismuth (209.0) - Blood - [0-0.05] - [0.1]
• Bisoprolol (383) - Serum - [0.01-0.06] - [-]
• Boron (10.8) - Serum - [0.8-6] - [20-50 L50-150]
• Brallobarbital (287.1) - Serum - [4-8] - [10 L30]
• Brodifacoum (523.4) - Serum - [-] - [0.02]
• Bromadiolon (527.4) - Serum - [-] - [0.02]
• Bromazepam (316.2) - Serum - [0.08-0.17] - [0.25-0.5]
• Bromide (11) (79.9) - Serum - [3-30 ther. 75-100(300)] - [500-1000(1500) L2000]
• Bromisoval (223.1) - Serum - [10-20] - [30-40]
• Bromperidol (12) (420.3) - Serum - [0.002-0.02] - [-]
• Brompheniramine (319.2) - Serum - [0.008-0.015] - [-]
• Brotizolam (393.7) - Serum - [0.001-0.02] - [-]
• Buflomedil (307.3) - Serum - [0.2 - 0.5] - [15; L 25]
• Bupivacaine (13) (288.4) - Serum - [0.25 - 0.75; P 1 - 4] - [4-5]
• Buprenorphine (467.6) - Serum - [0.001 - 0.005] - [-]
• Bupropion (239.7) - Serum - [0.025-0.1] - [-]
• Buspirone (385.5) - Serum - [0.0009-0.005(0.01)] - [-]
• Butabarbital (Secbutobarbital) (212.2) - Serum - [1-5] - [10(30) L>30]
• Butalbital (224.3) - Serum - [1-10] - [7-15 L15-30]
• Butaperazine (409) - Serum - [0.02-0.7] - [-]
• Butobarbital (212.2) - Serum - [5-15] - [20]
• Butorphanol (327.5) - Serum - [0.0011-0.0017] - [-]
• Butriptyline (293.5) - Serum - [0.07-0.15] - [0.4]
Substances starting with letter "C"
• Cadmium (112.4) - Blood - [0-0.0065] - [0.015-0.05]
• Cadmium (112.4) - Urine - [0-0.005/g creatinine] - [-]
• Caffeine (14) (194.2) - Serum - [8-15(2-10)] - [20-30(50) L>80-100]
• Camazepam (371.8) - Serum - [0.1-0.6] - [2]
• Captopril (217.3) - Serum - [0.05-0.5] - [-]
• Carbamazepine (15) (236.3) - Serum - [4.5-9(12)] - [(12)-15 L>25]
• Carbamazepine-epoxide - Serum - [0.5-3] - [15]
• Carbimazole (186.2) - ... - [-] - [-]
- methimazole - Serum - [T0.5-2.5] - [-]
• Carbon monoxide (16) (28.0) - Blood - [1-5%] - [25-35% L50-60%]
• Carbon tetrachloride (152.8) - ... - [-] - [20-50 L100-200]
• Carboplatin (free fraction) (371.3) - Plasma - [-] - [-]
- platinum (195.1) - Serum - [P10-25] - [T0.1-0.2]
• Carbromal (237.1) - Serum - [5-10] - [15-20]
- bromide (79.9) - Serum - [5-30] - [400]
• Carisoprodol (260.3) - Serum - [10-40] - [30-50 L110]
• Cefaclor (17) (385.8) - Serum - [oral 13-35; iv to 900] - [-]
• Cefamandole (17) (462.5) - Serum - [T1-5 P10-40] - [-]
• Cefotaxime (17) (477.5) - Serum - [T0.5-2 P10-50; iv to 225] - [-]
• Cefsulodin (17) (554.5) - Serum - [20-100] - [-]
• Ceftazidime (17) (546.6) - Serum - [T20-40 P50-200] - [-]
• Ceftriaxone (17) (598.5) - Serum - [15-75] - [-]
• Cefuroxime (17) (424) - Serum - [T0.5-1 P10-60; iv to 180] - [-]
• Cephaloridine (17) (415.5) - Serum - [T0.5-1 P10-50] - [-]
• Cephradine (17) (349.4) - Serum - [T0.5-1 P20-50] - [-]
• Chloral hydrate (165.4) - ... - [-] - [-]
- trichloroethanol (149.4) - Serum - [(2)5-15] - [40-70(100) L200-250]
• Chloramphenicol (323.1) - Serum - [5-15 T5-10 P10-20(25)] - [25 T10]
• Chlordane (409.8) - ... - [0.001] - [0.0025 L1-7]
• Chlordiazepoxide (299.8) - Serum - [0.7-2(3)] - [3.5-10 L20]
- demoxepam (286.7) - Serum - [0.3-2.8] - [-]
• Chlormezanone (273) - Serum - [2.5-9] - [20]
• Chloroform (119.4) - Blood - [20-50] - [70-250 L390]
• Chlorophenoxyacetic acid - Serum - [-] - [200]
• Chloroprocaine (270.8) - Serum - [2.4] - [-]
• Chloroquine (319.9) - Serum - [0.02-0.3] - [0.5 - 1; L 3]
• Chlorothiazide (295.7) - Serum - [6] - [-]
• Chlorpheniramine (274) - Serum - [0.01-0.017] - [20-30]
• Chlorphentermine (183) - Serum - [0.032] - [-]
• Chlorpromazine (318.9) - Serum - [0.05-0.5 child0.04-0.08] - [(0.5)1(-2) L3]
• Chlorpropamide (276) - ... - [30-200] - [200-750]
• Chlorprothixene (315.9) - Serum - [0.03-0.3] - [0.7(0.4-0.8)]
• Chlorthalidone (338.8) - Serum - [(B) 5-10; (P) 0.2-1.4] - [-]
• Cholinesterase Pseudo - Serum - [2000-7000 U/L] - [1000 U/L]
• Cimetidine (252.3) - Serum - [0.5-1] - [1.25]
• Ciprofloxacin (385.8) - Serum - [0.4-4 T0.05-0.5 P1-5] - [-]
• Cisplatin (free fraction) (300.1) - Plasma - [P 1-5] - [T 0.1]
- platinum - Serum - [P 10-25] - [T 0.1-0.2]
• Clobazam (18) (300.7) - Serum - [0.1-0.4] - [-]
- N-desmethylclobazam - Serum - [2-4] - [-]
• Clofibrate (242) - Serum - [50-250] - [-]
• Clomipramine (314.9) - Serum - [0.1 - 0.25] - [-]
- desmethylclomipramine (300.8) - Serum - [sum 0.15-0.55] - [sum 0.6-0.8]
• Clonazepam (315.7) - Serum - [0.03-0.06] - [0.1-0.12]
• Clonidine (229) - Serum - [0.0003-0.0015] - [0.025]
• Clopenthixol (zu) (401.0) - Serum - [T 0.002 - 0.010 (0.015)] - [0.05 - 0.1]
• Clorazepic acid (clorazepate) (19) (314.7) - Serum - [-] - [-]
- nordazepam (270.7) - Serum - [sum 0.25-0.8] - [sum 2]
• Cloxacillin (17) (435.9) - Serum - [5-30 P85] - [-]
• Clozapine (20) (326.8) - Serum - [0.1 - 0.6 (0.8)] - [0.8 - 1.3; L 3]
- desmethylclozapine - Serum - [0.1 - 0.6] - [0.7]
• Cobalt (58.9) - Blood - [0.0001-0.0022] - [-]
• Cocaine (21) (303.4) - Serum - [0.05-0.3] - [0.9 L1-20]
• Codeine (299.4) - Serum - [T0.01-0.05 P0.05-0.250] - [0.3-0.5 L>1.6]
• Cogentin - Serum - [0.08-0.125] - [0.4-0.5 L0.7]
• Colchicine (399.4) - Serum - [0.0003-0.0024 P0.003] - [0.005]
• Co-trimoxazole (22) (344.8) - Serum/Urine - [-] - [-]
• Cresol (108) - ... - [-] - [L120]
• Cyanide (26.0) - Blood - [0.001-0.012(-0.15)] - [0.5 L2.4-5]
• Cyclizine (266.4) - Serum - [0.1-0.25 (0.03-0.3)] - [0.75 L15]
- norcyclizine (252.5) - Serum - [0.005-0.025] - [-]
• Cyclobarbital (236.3) - Serum - [5-10] - [10-15]
• Cyclobenzaprine (275) - Serum - [0.003-0.036] - [-]
• Cyclopropane (42.1) - Plasma - [80-180] - [-]
• Cyclosporine A (23) (1203) - Blood - [T0.1-0.4] - [T0.4-0.5]
• Cytarabine (Ara C) (24) (243.2) - Serum - [0.05-0.5] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "D"
• Dantrolene (314.3) - Serum - [0.4-1.5 T0.3-1.4 P1-3] - [-]
• Dapsone (248.3) - Serum - [0.5-5] - [10-20]
• Deferoxamine (406.8) - Serum - [3-15] - [-]
- ferrioxamine (1082.5) - Serum - [0.5 - 3] - [-]
• Desipramine (266.4) - Serum - [0.075-0.25] - [0.5]
• Deptropine (333.5) - Serum - [-] - [0.015]
• Dexfenfluramine - Serum - [0.03-0.06] - [0.15-0.25]
• Dextromethorphan (271.4) - Serum - [0.01-0.04] - [0.1; L 3]
• Dextromoramide (392.5) - Serum - [0.075-0.15] - [0.2]
• Diazepam (284.7) - Serum - [0.125-0.75] - [1.5-5]
- nordazepam (25) (270.7) - Serum - [0.2-1.8] - [-]
• Diazinon (304.3) - Serum - [-] - [0.05-0.1]
• Diazoxide (230.7) - Serum - [10-50] - [50-100]
• Dibenzepin (295.4) - Serum - [T0.025-0.15 P0.1-0.3] - [-]
- desmethyldibenzepin - Serum - [sum 0.2-0.4] - [sum 3 L18]
• Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (354.5) - Serum - [0-0.013] - [-]
• Dichloromethane (84.9) - Serum - [-] - [L280]
• Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (221.0) - Serum - [-] - [200]
• Diclofenac (296.2) - Serum - [T0.05-0.5 P0.1-2.5] - [-]
• Dicoumarol (336.3) - Serum - [8-30(50)] - [50-70]
• Dieldrin (380.9) - Serum - [0-0.0015] - [0.15-0.3]
• Diethylpropion (205.3) - Serum - [0.007-0.2] - [L5-4]
• Diflunisal (250.2) - Serum - [(9)40-100] - [L600]
• Digitoxin (764.9) - Serum - [0.003-0.025] - [0.03; L 0.03 - 0.1]
• Digoxin (26) (780.9) - Serum - [T 0.0007 - 0.0022] - [0.0025 - 0.004; L 0.005 - 0.01]
• Dihydrocodein (301.4) - Serum - [0.03-0.25] - [0.5 - 1; L 2]
• Diltiazem (414.5) - Serum - [0.05-0.4] - [0.8; L 2 - 6]
• Dimethadione (129.1) - Serum - [500-1000] - [1000]
• Dimethyltryptamine (188.3) - Serum - [0.001-0.1] - [-]
• Dinitro-o-cresol (27) (198.1) - Serum - [1-5] - [30-60 L75]
• Diphenhydramine (225.4) - Serum - [0.025-0.11] - [0.2-2 L>10]
• Diphenoxylate (452.6) - Serum - [0.01] - [-]
• Dipyridamole (28) (504.6) - Serum - [1-2 T0.1-1] - [4]
• Diquat (184.2) - Serum/Urine - [-] - [0.1]
• Disopyramide (29) (339.5) - Serum - [2.5-7] - [-]
- nordisopyramide (297.5) - Serum - [-] - [sum 8-10]
• Disulfiram (296.5) - Serum - [0.05-0.4] - [0.5-5]
- diethyldithiocarbamate (171.3) - Serum - [0.3-1.4] - [-]
• Divinyl-oxide (v.-et.) (70.1) - ... - [-] - [L700]
• Domperidon (425.9) - Serum - [0.005-0.025(0.04)] - [-]
• Dosulepin (= Dothiepin) (295.4) - Serum - [0.05-0.15(0.4)] - [L1.1]
- desmethyldosulepine - Serum - [0.1-0.2] - [0.75]
- dosulepine-S-oxide - Serum - [0.04-0.4] - [0.65-2]
• Doxapram (378.5) - Serum - [2.7-5.2] - [-]
• Doxazosin (451.5) - Serum - [0.08-0.15] - [-]
• Doxepin (279.4) - Serum - [0.1-0.25] - [-]
- nordoxepin (265.4) - Serum - [sum 0.2-0.35] - [0.5-2]
• Doxorubicin (543.5) - Serum - [0.006-0.02] - [-]
• Doxycycline (444.5) - Serum - [5-10] - [30]
• Doxylamine (270.4) - Serum - [0.07-0.2] - [-]
• Dyphylline (254.3) - Serum - [6.5-14] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "E"
• Edrofonium (165.2) - Serum - [0.15-0.2] - [-]
• Enalapril (376.5) - ... - [-] - [-]
- desethylenalapril - Serum - [0.01-0.05(0.1)] - [-]
• Encainide (352.2) - Serum - [-] - [-]
- methoxy-demethylencainide - ... - [0.06-0.28] - [-]
- O-demethylencainide - ... - [0.1-0.3] - [-]
• Endrin (380.9) - Serum - [0-0.003] - [0.03]
• Ephedrine (165.2) - Serum - [0.02-0.1] - [1]
• Epirubicin (543.5) - Serum - [0.01-0.05] - [-]
• Erythromycin (733.9) - Serum - [0.5-6 T0.5-1 P4-12] - [12-15]
• Estazolam (294.8) - Serum - [0.055-0.1] - [-]
• Ethambutol (204.3) - Serum - [0.5-5] - [6-10]
• Ethanol (46.1) - Blood - [0-25] - [1000-2000 L5000]
• Ethchlorvynol (144.6) - Serum - [0.5-8] - [20 L150]
• Ethinamate (167.2) - Serum - [5-10] - [100 L200]
• Ethosuximide (141.2) - Serum - [40-100] - [150 L250]
• Ethyl ether (74.1) - Serum - [500-1500] - [L(1400)-1900]
• Ethylene glycol (62.1) - Serum - [-] - [200]
• Etidocaine (276.4) - Serum - [0.5-1.5] - [1.6-2]
• Etodolac (287.4) - Serum - [20-50] - [-]
• Etoposide (588.6) - Serum - [T2-6 P8-14] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "F"
• Famotidine (337.4) - Serum - [0.02-0.06] - [-]
• Felodipine (384.3) - Serum - [0.001 - 0.008 (0.012)] - [0.01 - 0.015]
• Fenfluramine (231.3) - Serum - [0.05-0.15(0.1-0.12)] - [0.3-0.7 L6]
• Fenoprofen (242.3) - Serum - [15-65] - [-]
• Fentanyl (336.5) - Serum - [0.001 - 0.002] - [0.003 - 0.005]
• Flecainide (414.4) - Serum - [T 0.45 - 0.9; P 0.75 - 1.25] - [1.5 - 3]
• Fluconazol (306.3) - Serum - [5 - 15] - [20]
• Flucytosine (129.1) - Serum - [T25-50 P50-100] - [100]
• Flumazenil (303.3) - Serum - [0.01-0.05 P0.2-0.3] - [-]
• Flunarizine (404.5) - Serum - [0.025 - 0.2] - [0.3]
• Flunitrazepam (313.3) - Serum - [0.005-0.015] - [0.05]
• Fluoride (30) (19.0) - S/U - [0.5 T0.08-0.15] - [T0.5-2 L2]
• 5-Fluorouracil (31) (130.1) - Serum - [0.05-0.3] - [0.4-0.6]
• Fluoxetine (309.3) - Serum - [0.15-0.5] - [-]
- norfluoxetine (32) (295.3) - Serum - [0.1 - 0.5] - [-]
• Flupentixol (33) (434.5) - Serum - [0.001-0.015] - [-]
• Fluphenazine (34) (437.5) - Serum - [0.001-0.017] - [0.05-0.1]
• Flurazepam (35) (387.9) - Serum - [0.0005-0.028] - [0.15-0.2 L0.5-17]
- desalkylflurazepam (288.7) - Serum - [0.04-0.15] - [sum 0.2-0.5]
• Fluvoxamine (32) (318.4) - Serum - [0.05-0.25] - [-]
• Furosemide (330.8) - Serum - [2-5(10)] - [25-30]
Substances starting with letter "G"
• Ganciclovir (255.2) - Serum - [0.5-5 T0.2-1 P5-12.5] - [T3-5 P20]
• Gentamicine(36) (463) - Serum - [P 7 - 15; T 0.1 - 2] - [T 2 - 3]
• Glibenclamide (494) - Serum - [0.03-0.35] - [-]
• Glutethimide (217.3) - Serum - [2-12] - [12-20 L30]
• Gold (197.0) - Serum - [3-8] - [10-15]
• Guanethidine (198.3) - Serum - [0.01] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "H"
• Haloperidol (37) (375.9) - Serum - [0.005-0.04] - [0.05-0.1(0.5)]
• Halothane (197.4) - Blood - [22-200] - [L200]
• Heptabarbital (250.3) - Serum - [2-5] - [10]
• Heptobarbital (218.2) - Serum - [50-100] - [125-150]
• Hexachlorophene (406.9) - Serum - [0.003-0.65] - [L35]
• Hexapropymate (181.2) - Serum - [2-5] - [10-20]
• Hexobarbital (236.3) - Serum - [4-10] - [15 L50]
• Hydralazine (160.2) - Serum - [0.2-0.9] - [-]
• Hydrochlorothiazide (297.7) - Serum - [0.07-0.45] - [-]
• Hydrocodone (299.4) - Serum - [0.002-0.024] - [L0.2]
• Hydrogen Sulfide (34.1) - Serum - [-] - [L0.92]
• Hydromorphone (285.3) - Serum - [0.008-0.032] - [L>0.1]
• Hydroxychloroquine (335.9) - Serum - [T0.1-0.4 P0.5-2.0] - [L60]
• Hydroxyzine (374.9) - Serum - [P0.05-0.09] - [0.1 L39]
Substances starting with letter "I"
• Ibuprofen (206.3) - Serum - [15-30(5-50)] - [100]
• Imipenem (317.4) - Serum - [T0.5-2 P20-75] - [-]
• Imipramine (280.4) - Serum - [0.045-0.15] - [0.4-0.5 L2]
- desipramine (266.4) - Serum - [0.075-0.25 sum 0.15-0.3] - [0.5 sum 0.4-0.6]
• Indomethacin (357.8) - Serum - [0.8-2.5(0.5-3)] - [4-6]
• Iron (35.8) - Serum - [0.5 - 2] - [6; child 2 - 8; L 17]
• Iron (35.8) - Blood - [380 - 625] - [-]
• Isoniazid (137.1) - Serum - [T0.2-1 P3-10] - [20]
• Isopropanol (60.1) - Blood - [-] - [200-400]
- acetone (58.1) - Blood - [-] - [400]
• Isosorbide dinitrate (236.1) - Serum - [0.003-0.018] - [-]
- isosorbide mononitrate - Serum - [T0.2-0.5] - [-]
• Itraconazol (705.6) - Serum - [T > 0.25] - [-]
- hydroxy-itraconazol - Serum - [sum 1 - 4] - [sum 6]
Substances starting with letter "K"
• Kanamycin (484.5) - Serum - [T1-4 P15-25] - [T5-10 P25-30]
• Ketamine (237.7) - Serum - [0.5-6.5] - [7]
• Ketanserin (395.4) - Serum - [0.015-0.2 P0.08-1] - [-]
• Ketazolam (368.8) - Serum - [0.001-0.02] - [-]
- nordazepam (9) (270.7) - Serum - [0.2-0.6] - [1-2]
• Ketoconazole (531.4) - Serum - [T0.3-0.5 P3-10(20)] - [-]
• Ketoprofen (254.3) - Serum - [1-5 P5-15] - [-]
• Ketorolac (255.3) - Serum - [0.22-3.5] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "L"
• Labetalol (328.4) - Serum - [0.025-0.2] - [0.5-1]
• Lamotrigine (256.1) - Serum - [4 - 10; T 2 - 5] - [15]
• Lead (38) (207.2) - Blood - [up to 0.3] - [0.4-0.45]
• Levomepromazine (328.5) - Serum - [0.03-0.15] - [0.5]
• Lidocaine (Lignocaine) (234.3) - Serum - [1.5-5] - [7-10; L 10 - 25]
- monoethylglycin. MEGX (206.3) - Serum - [0.07-0.175] - [-]
• Lisinopril (405.5) - Serum - [0.02 - 0.07] - [0.5]
• Lithium (6.9) - Serum - [4-10 mg/L T0.6-1.2 mMol/L] - [T1.5(2) mMol/L 14 mg/L L>35 mg/L]
• Loratadine (382.9) - Serum - [0.015-0.027] - [-]
- descarboethoxyloratadine - Serum - [0.007-0.028] - [-]
• Lorazepam (321.2) - Serum - [0.02-0.25] - [0.3-0.6]
• Lormetazepam (335.2) - Serum - [0.001-0.01] - [-]
• Loxapine (327.8) - Serum - [0.01-0.03] - [L7.7]
• Lysergide (LSD) (323.4) - Serum - [0.0005 - 0.005] - [0.001]
Substances starting with letter "M"
• Maprotiline (277.4) - Serum - [0.075-0.25] - [0.3-0.8 L2]
- desmethylmaprotiline (263.4) - Serum - [sum 0.1-0.4] - [sum 0.75-1]
• Medazepam (270.8) - Serum - [0.01-0.15 P0.1-0.5] - [0.6]
- nordazepam (270.7) - Serum - [0.2-0.6] - [1-2]
• Mefenamic acid (241.3) - Serum - [0.3-20] - [-]
• MEGX (liver test) (206.3) - Serum - [T0.070-0.175] - [0.05]
• Meperidine (247.4) - Serum - [0.07-0.8] - [5 L>5]
• Mephenesin (182.2) - Serum - [3-10] - [-]
• Mephenytoin (218.3) - Serum - [-] - [-]
- desmethylmephenytoin - Serum - [sum 15-40] - [sum 50]
• Mepivacaine (246.4) - Serum - [2-4(5.5)] - [6-10 L50]
• Meprobamate (218.3) - Serum - [10-25] - [50 L140]
• 6-Mercaptopurine (39) (152.2) - Serum - [0.03-0.08] - [1-2]
• Mercury (organic) (40) (200.6) - Blood/Urine - [0-0.01] - [0.1-0.3 L0.4-22]
• Mercury (inorganic) (200.6) - Blood - [0-0.08] - [0.2 L>0.6]
• Mesoridazine (386.6) - Serum - [1.2-3.5] - [L3]
• Mesuximide (203.2) - Serum - [0.04-0.08] - [-]
- N-desmethylmesuximide (189.2) - Serum - [10-30(40)] - [40]
• Metformin (129.2) - Serum - [1-4] - [45-70]
• Methadone (41) (309.5) - Serum - [0.07 - 0.1 (0.5)] - [Native: 0.2; Users: 0.75; L (acute) 0.2 - 1]
• Methamphetamine (149.2) - Serum - [0.01-0.05] - [0.2-1(5) L10-40]
• Methanol (32.0) - Blood - [-] - [200 L>900]
• Methaqualone (250.3) - Serum - [0.5-3] - [5-8 L>10]
• Methazolamide (236.3) - Serum - [40] - [-]
• Methocarbamol (241.2) - Serum - [25-40] - [-]
• Methotrexate (42) (454.5) - Serum - [active 0.005] - [T0.2 (48 hrs)]
• Methotrimeprazine (328.5) - Serum - [0.02-0.14] - [-]
• Methoxsalen (216.2) - Serum - [0.1 - 0.2; T 0.025 - 0.1; P 0.1 - 0.4] - [-]
• Methoxyflurane (165.0) - ... - [30-200] - [-]
• Methyldopa (211.2) - Serum - [1 - 5] - [7 - 10]
• Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (179.2) - Serum - [-] - [L2]
• Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (XTC, MDMA) (193.0) - Serum - [0.1 - 0.35] - [0.35 - 0.5; L 0.4 - 0.8]
• Methylfentanyl (350.5) - Serum - [-] - [L0.002-0.011]
• Methylphenidate (233.3) - Serum - [0.005-0.06] - [0.8 L2.3]
• Methyprylon (183.3) - Serum - [5-15] - [30-60 L100]
• Metiamide - Serum - [0.01-0.06] - [-]
• Metoclopramide (299.8) - Serum - [0.04-0.1] - [0.1-0.2]
• Metoprolol (267.4) - Serum - [0.1 - 0.6; T 0.02 - 0.34] - [1; L 12]
• Metronidazole (171.2) - Serum - [10-30] - [150]
• Mexiletine (179.3) - Serum - [0.5 - 2] - [2-4]
• Mianserin (264.4) - Serum - [0.02-0.07] - [-]
- desmethylmianserin (250.3) - Serum - [sum 0.04-0.125] - [sum 0.3-0.5 L2]
• Midazolam (43) (325.8) - Serum - [0.08-0.25] - [1-1.5]
• Milrinone (211.2) - Serum - [0.15-0.25] - [0.3]
• Mirtazepine (265.4) - Serum - [0.02 - 0.1] - [-]
- desmethylmirtazepine - Serum - [sum 0.05 - 0.3] - [sum 1]
• Moclobemide (268.7) - Serum - [P 1.5 - 4; T 0.4 - 1] - [5 - 8; L 16]
• Morphine (44) (285.4) - Serum - [0.02-0.12] - [0.15-0.5 L0.05-4]
Substances starting with letter "N"
• Nalidixic acid (232.2) - Serum - [10-30] - [40-50]
• Nalidixic acid (232.2) - Urine - [50-200] - [-]
• Naloxone (327.4) - Serum - [0.01] - [-]
• Naproxen (45) (230.3) - Serum - [25-75(90)] - [-]
• Netilmicin (46) (475.6) - Serum - [P 7 - 15; T 0.5 - 2 (3)] - [T 4]
• Nicardipine (479.5) - Serum - [0.035-0.135] - [-]
• Nicotine (47) (162.2) - Serum - [sum T0.001-0.275] - [-]
- cotinine (176.2) - Serum - [sum P0.025-0.35] - [sum 0.3-1 L5]
• Nifedipine (346.3) - Serum - [0.02 - 0.1 (0.15)] - [(0.1) - 0.15]
• Nickel (58.7) - Serum - [0.0015-0.005] - [-]
• Nickel (58.7) - Urine - [0.0005-0.006] - [-]
• Nimodipine (272.7) - Serum - [0.01 - 0.05] - [-]
• Nimustine (272.7) - Serum - [0.0002-0.0005] - [-]
• Nitrazepam (48) (281.3) - Serum - [0.03-0.12] - [0.2-0.5]
• Nitrofurantoin (238.2) - Serum - [0.5-2] - [3-4 (child 2)]
• Nitrofurantoin (238.2) - Urine - [10-400] - [-]
• Nitroprusside (218.0) - Serum - [-] - [-]
- thiocyanate (57.1) - Serum - [6-30] - [60 L200]
• Nizatidine (331.5) - Serum - [0.15-1] - [-]
• Nomifensine (unbound) (49) (238.3) - Serum - [T0.02-0.06 P0.2-0.6] - [0.8-0.1]
• Nordazepam (270.7) - Serum - [0.2-0.8(1.8)] - [1.5-2]
• Norfloxacin (319.3) - Serum - [0.5-5] - [-]
• Nortriptyline (263.4) - Serum - [0.075-0.25] - [0.5]
Substances starting with letter "O"
• Obidoxim (359.2) - Serum - [1-10] - [-]
• Ofloxacin (361.8) - Serum - [1-4 T0.05-5 P1-7] - [-]
• Olanzapine (312.4) - Serum - [0.01 - 0.05 (0.1)] - [0.2]
• Ondansetron (293.3) - Serum - [0.03-0.3] - [-]
• Opipramol (363.5) - Serum - [0.05-0.2(0.5)] - [0.5-2]
• Orphenadrine (50) (269.4) - Serum - [-] - [-]
- tofenacin (255.4) - Serum - [sum 0.05-0.2] - [sum 0.5-2 L4-8]
• Oxazepam (286.7) - Serum - [(0.15)1-2] - [3-5]
• Oxcarbazepine (252.3) - Serum - [-] - [-]
- hydroxycarbazepine - Serum - [12 - 30 (40)] - [45]
• Oxprenolol (265.4) - Serum - [(0.05)0.09-0.3] - [2-3]
• Oxytetracycline (460.5) - Serum - [5-10] - [30]
• Oxycodone (315.4) - Serum - [(0.05)0.02-0.05] - [0.2 L0.6]
Substances starting with letter "P"
• Pancuronium (652.8) - Serum - [0.1-0.6] - [0.4 L1.6]
• Papaverine (339.4) - Serum - [0.2-0.6(2)] - [-]
• Paracetamol (=Acetaminophen) (51) (151.2) - Serum - [10-20(2.5-25)] - [T75-100 P 100-150 T L160]
• Paraldehyde (52) (132.2) - Blood - [30-300] - [400 L>500]
- acetaldehyde - Serum/Blood - [-] - [100-125]
• Paramethadione (157.2) - Serum - [1.1-5] - [-]
• Paraquat (186.3) - Serum/Urine - [-] - [0.05 L2]
• Parathion (53) (291.3) - Serum - [-] - [0.01-0.05]
• Paroxetine (329.3) - Serum - [0.01 - 0.075; P 0.015 - 0.15 (0.25)] - [0.35 - 0.4]
• Pefloxacin (333.4) - Serum - [T0.1-6 P5-10] - [25]
• Penbutolol (291.4) - Serum - [0.3-0.7] - [-]
• Penciclovir - Serum - [T 0.1 - 0.3; P 1.75 - 2 (orally); P 10 - 20 (I.V.)] - [-]
• Penfluridol (524.0) - Serum - [0.004-0.025] - [-]
• Penicillin (benzyl) (7) (334.4) - Serum - [1-10] - [-]
• Pentachlorophenol (266.4) - Serum - [0-0.1] - [30 L>45]
• Pentazocine (285.4) - Serum - [0.05-0.2(0.5)] - [1 L>2]
• Pentobarbital (54) (226.3) - Serum - [1-3(25-40)] - [5-10]
• Perazine (339.5) - Serum - [0.025-0.1] - [0.5]
• Periciazine (365.5) - Serum - [0.005-0.03] - [0.1]
• Perphenazine (55) (404.0) - Serum - [0.0004-0.03] - [0.05-0.1]
• Pethidine (247.3) - Serum - [0.2-0.8] - [1-5 L8]
- norpethidine - Serum - [-] - [0.5]
• Phenacetin (179.2) - Serum - [5-20] - [50]
• Phenazone (antipyrine) (56) (188.2) - Serum - [5-25] - [50-100]
• Phencyclidine (PCP) (243.4) - Serum - [-] - [0.007-0.24 L1-5]
• Phendimetrazine (191.3) - Serum - [0.02-0.24] - [-]
• Phenelzine (136.2) - Serum - [0.001-0.002] - [L>1.5]
• Phenmetrazine (177.3) - Serum - [0.04-0.25] - [0.5 L4]
• Phenobarbital (232.2) - Serum - [(10)20-40] - [60-80 L100-150]
• Phenol (94.1) - Serum - [-] - [L90]
• Phenprocoumon (280.3) - Serum - [1-3] - [5]
• Phensuximide (189.2) - Serum - [4-10 P10-20] - [80]
• Phentermine (149.2) - Serum - [0.09] - [-]
• Phenylbutazone (308.4) - Serum - [50-150] - [200-250 L400-500]
• Phenylephrine (167.2) - Serum - [0.03] - [-]
• Phenylpropanolamine (151.2) - Serum - [0.05-0.5] - [2; L48]
• Phenytoine (252.3) - Serum - [8-20 baby 6-14] - [20-30 baby 15 L100]
- free fraction - Serum - [0.2-2] - [2]
• Pimozide (461.6) - Serum - [0.001-0.02] - [-]
• Pindolol (248.3) - Serum - [0.01-0.07(0.15)] - [0.7]
• Pipamperone (375.5) - Serum - [0.1-0.4] - [0.5-0.6]
• Piperacilline (517.6) - Serum - [T1-5 P20-70] - [-]
• Piperazine (86.1) - Serum - [0.02 - 0.1] - [0.5]
• Pipotiazine (475.7) - Serum - [0.001-0.06] - [0.1]
• Pirenzepine (351.4) - Serum - [0.2-0.3] - [-]
• Pirmenol (338.5) - Serum - [1-3] - [-]
• Piroxicam (331.3) - Serum - [7 - 20] - [-]
• Platinum (195.1) - Serum - [0.5-5 P10-30] - [30 T10]
• Polythiazide (439.9) - Serum - [2-7] - [-]
• Prazepam (324.8) - Serum - [0.01-0.04] - [-]
- nordazepam (270.7) - Serum - [0.2-0.8] - [1-2]
• Prazosin (383.4) - Serum - [0.001-0.075] - [-]
• Prilocaine (220.3) - Serum - [0.5-2] - [5]
• Primidon (218.3) - Serum - [T5-12] - [15-20]
- phenobarbital (232.2) - Serum - [20-40] - [60-80]
• Probenecid (57) (285.4) - Serum - [40-60; 100-200] - [-]
• Procainamide (235.3) - Serum - [4-8] - [10-15 L>20]
- N-acetylProcainamide (277.4) - Serum - [2-12 sum T10-30] - [sum 40]
• Procaine (236.3) - Serum - [2.5 - 10] - [15 - 20; L20]
• Prochlorperazine (373.9) - Serum - [0.01-0.04] - [0.2-0.3 L5]
• Procyclidine (287.4) - Serum - [0.08-0.63] - [L7.8]
• Promazine (284.4) - Serum - [0.1-0.4] - [2-3 L>5]
• Promethazine (284.4) - Serum - [(0.05) 0.1 - 0.4] - [1; L 2]
• Propafenone (58) (341.5) - Serum - [0.4 - 1.1 (1.6)] - [1.1-2]
- norpropafenone (415.5) - Serum - [-] - [sum 2 - 3]
• Propericiazine - Serum - [T0.005 P0.05] - [0.1]
• Propofol (178) - Blood - [narcose 2-4(8)] (*note: <55 years, induction 4-8; narcose 3-6 / >55years: induction 2-5 - all awake 1-2.2) - [toxic: abuse, not in hospital 0.22 mg/l]
• Propoxyphen (dextro) (339.5) - Serum - [0.1-0.75] - [1]
- norpropoxyphen (325.5) - Serum - [0.1-0.15] - [2]
• Propranolol (59) (259.3) - Serum - [T0.05-0.15 P0.1-0.3] - [1-2 L4-10]
• Propylene glycol (76.1) - Serum - [0.05-0.5] - [1000-2000]
• Propylhexedrine (155.3) - Serum - [0.01] - [L2-3]
• Protionamide (180.3) - Serum - [T0.5 P3-8] - [-]
• Protriptyline (263.4) - Serum - [0.07-0.17(0.38)] - [0.5-1]
• Pseudoephedrine (165.2) - Serum - [0.5-0.8] - [L19]
• Pyrazinamide (123.1) - Serum - [30-75] - [-]
• Pyridostigmine (181.3) - Serum - [0.05-0.17] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "Q"
• Quazepam (386.8) - Serum - [0.01-0.15] - [-]
• Quinidine (324.5) - Serum - [(1) 2 - 5] - [(6) - 10 - (15); L 30]
• Quinine (324.5) - Serum - [2.5 - 9.5] - [10]
Substances starting with letter "R"
• Ranitidine (314.4) - Serum - [(0.05)0.15-0.04] - [-]
• Rifabutin (846) - Serum - [T0.05 P0.15] - [-]
• Rifampicin (823.0) - Serum -
- desacetylrifampicin (781.0) - Serum - [sum P 5 - 20; sum T 0.5 - 1] - [sum P20]
• Risperidon (410.5) - Serum - [0.01-0.09] - [-]
- hydroxyrisperidon - Serum - [sum 0.01-0.1] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "S"
• Salbutamol (239.4) - Serum - [0.004 - 0.015] - [0.03; L 0.16]
• Salicylic acid (60) (138.1) - Serum - [20-300] - [300-500 L500-1000]
• Scopolamine (303.4) - Serum - [0.0003] - [-]
• Secobarbital (238.3) - Serum - [1-5] - [6-10 L10-50]
• Sertraline (306.2) - Serum - [0.05 - 0.25 (0.5)] - [-]
• Silver (61) (107.9) - Blood - [0-0.005] - [0.06-0.6]
• Sotalol (272.4) - Serum - [0.8 - 3(5)] - [5 - 10; L 40]
• Spironolactone (416.6) - Serum - [0.1-0.5] - [-]
- canrenone - Serum - [0.05-0.25] - [-]
• Streptomycin (581.6) - Serum - [T1-5 P15-40] - [T5 P40-50]
• Strychnine (334.4) - Serum - [-] - [0.075-0.1 L0.2-2]
• Sufentanil (386.6) - Serum - [0.0005-0.011] - [-]
• Sulfaguanidine (214.2) - Serum - [30-50] - [-]
• Sulfamethoxazole (253.3) - Serum - [40-60(100-200)] - [200]
• Sulfanilamide (172.2) - ... - [100-150] - [-]
• Sulfonamides - Serum/Urine - [T35-75 P80-150] - [200]
• Sulindac (356.4) - Serum - [0.5-5] - [-]
- sulindac-sulfide (340.4) - Serum - [1-4] - [-]
• Sulpiride (341.4) - Serum - [0.04-0.6(P0.15-0.75)] - [-]
• Sultiame (290.4) - Serum - [1-12] - [12-15 L20-25]
• Suramine (1407.2) - ... - [150-250] - [300]
Substances starting with letter "T"
• Tacrolimus (FK506) (804) - Blood - [T0.003-0.015 P0.01-0.025] - [T0.012-0.015]
• Tamoxifene (371.5) - Serum - [0.05-0.5] - [-]
• Teicoplanin (189.4) - Serum - [T10-40(5-50)] - [200]
• Temazepam (300.7) - Serum - [0.3-0.9 T0.02-0.1] - [1]
• Terbinafine (291.4) - Serum - [T0.01-0.03 P0.5-3] - [-]
- norterbinafine - Serum - [P0.4-0.8] - [-]
• Terbutaline (225.3) - Serum - [0.001-0.006] - [L0.04]
• Terfenadine (471.7) - Serum - [0.0015-0.0045] - [-]
• Tetrachloroethylene (165.9) - Serum - [-] - [L4-5]
• Tetracycline (444.4) - Serum - [5-10 T1-5] - [30]
• Thallium (62) (204.4) - Blood - [-] - [0.1-0.5]
• Theobromine (180.2) - Serum - [10-15] - [20]
• Theophylline (180.2) - Serum - [8-20; baby 5-10] - [25-30; baby 15 L50-250]
• Thiazinamium (299.5) - Serum - [0.05-0.15] - [0.3]
• Thiocyanate (63) (58.0) - Serum - [1-12(30)] - [35-40(100) L200]
• Thiopental (64) (242.3) - Serum - [1-5(25-40)] - [10(40-50) L10-100]
- pentobarbital (3) (226.3) - Serum - [5-10] - [10-15]
• Thioridazine (65) (370.6) - Serum - [0.2-1] - [2(5)]
- mesoridazine (386.6) - Serum - [0.3] - [-]
- sulforidazine (402.6) - Serum - [sum 0.75-1.5] - [sum 3]
• Thiothixene (443.6) - Serum - [T0.001-0.02 P0.01-0.1] - [0.1]
• Tiaprofenic acid (260.3) - Serum - [15-35] - [-]
• Timolol (316.4) - Serum - [T0.005-0.05 P0.02-0.1] - [-]
• Tin (118.7) - Serum - [0.12-0.14] - [-]
• Tobramycine (66) (467.5 ) - Serum - [T0.5-1.5 P5-10(15)] - [T2 P15]
• Tocainide (193.2) - Serum - [4-10] - [25]
• Tofenacine (255.4) - Serum - [P0.025-0.1] - [0.5-1]
• Tolbutamide (270.3) - Serum - [45-100] - [500 L640]
• Tolmetin (257.3) - Serum - [10-80] - [-]
• Toluene (92.1) - Blood - [-] - [L10]
• Tramadol (299.8) - Blood - [0.1 - 0.8] - [1; L2]
• Tranylcypromine (133.2) - Serum - [0.05] - [-]
• Trazodone (371.9) - Serum - [0.5-2.5 T0.3-1.5 P1.5-2.5] - [4 L15]
• Triamteren (253.3) - Serum - [T0.01-0.1 P0.05-0.2] - [-]
• Triazolam (343.2) - Serum - [0.002-0.02] - [-]
• Tribromo-ethanol (282.8) - Blood - [-] - [L90]
• Trichloro-ethane (133.4) - Blood - [-] - [L100-1000]
• Trichloroethanol (149.4) - Serum - [5-15] - [40-70 L250]
• Trichlorophenoxyac. acid (255.5) - Serum - [-] - [200]
• Trifluoperazine (407.5) - Serum - [0.005-0.05] - [0.1-0.2]
• Triflupromazine (352.4) - Serum - [0.03-0.1] - [0.3-0.5]
• Trihexyphenidyl (301.5) - Serum - [0.05-0.2] - [0.5]
• Trimethadione (143.1) - Serum - [20-40] - [-]
- dimethadione (129.1) - Serum - [500-1000] - [1000]
• Trimethobenzamide (388.4) - Serum - [1-2] - [-]
• Trimethoprim (290.3) - Serum/Urine - [1.5-2.5(5-10)] - [15-20]
• Trimipramine (294.4) - Serum - [0.07-0.17(0.3)] - [0.5 L8.7]
• Tripelennamine (255.4) - Serum - [0.06] - [L10]
• Triprolidine (278.4) - Serum - [0.004-0.045] - [-]
• Tropisetron - Serum - [20-30 P50-100] - [-]
• Tubocurarine (646.2) - Serum - [0.04-3(6)] - [-]
Substances starting with letter "V"
• Valnoctamide (143.2) - Serum - [5] - [40]
• Valproic acid (144.2) - Serum - [50-100] - [150-200]
• Vancomycine (1449.2) - Serum - [P 20 - 40; T 8 - 12] - [P 50]
• Venlafaxine (313.9) - Serum - [sum 0.25 - 0.75] - [sum 1 - 1.5]
- desmethylvenlafaxine - Serum - [-] - [-]
• Verapamil (67) (454.6) - Serum - [0.09 - 0.35] - [0.9; L 2.5 - 4]
- norverapamil - Serum - [sum 0.1 - 0.6] - [sum 1]
• Vigabatrine (129.6) - Serum - [T5-150] - [-]
• Vinblastine (811.0) - Plasma - [P0.25-0.4] - [-]
• Vincristine (824.9) - Plasma - [P0.3-0.4] - [-]
• Vinylbital (224.3) - Serum - [5-10] - [15]
Substances starting with letter "W to Z"
• Warfarin (308.3) - Serum - [1-7 T0.3-3 P5-10] - [10-12]
• Xylene (106.2) - Blood - [-] - [L3-40]
• Zidovudine (267.2) - Serum - [T0.1-0.3 P1-1.5] - [2-3]
• Zolpidem (307.4) - Serum - [0.08-0.15] - [0.5]
• Zopiclone (388.8) - Serum - [0.01-0.05 P0.04-0.07] - [0.15]
________________________________________
Legenda:
B = whole blood, heparinized or EDTA
S = serum
U = urine
P = plasma
Concentration in mg/L (or ug/ml).
Conversion formula to convert to SI units:
(mg/L)/mol. weight = mmol/L
Reference concentration Therapeutic in mg/L
Reference concentration in mg/L (ug/ml) during steady state.
T = trough level, just before drug administration;
P = peak level, 1-2 hours after drug administration.
Reference concentration Toxic in mg/L
Minimum level or range at which concentration depended side effects or toxic effects have been noticed.
- = if no values are given, toxic concentrations are not available;
T = trough level, just before drug administration;
P = peak level, 1-2 hours after drug administration.
L = lethal level: in the literature lethal cases have been described with these concentrations after single drug intake. These lethal concentrations are only an indication (too much parameters might influence a lethal level!)
________________________________________
Remarks
1. Acetazolamide
for glaucoma 4 - 5 mg/L
2. Acetone
Endogenic for diabetes: 5 - 20 mg/L blood; extreme diabetes: to 600 mg/L; chronic alcoholism: 40 - 150 mg/L blood; 100 - 700 mg/L urine; diabetic ketoacidosis: 325 - 450 mg/L blood; 450 - 900 mg/L urine; starving: 50 mg/L blood; 2200 mg/L urine; Toxic after acetone sniffing: 200 - 300 mg/L blood.
3. Acetylsalicylic acid
Directly metabolized to salicylic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid in serum is not stable in vitro.
4. Salicylic acid
Therapeutic: rheumatism adults: 200 - 300 mg/L; rheumatism children, trough level: 100 - 250 mg/L; anti-coagulant: 50 - 125 mg/L; analgesic, antipyretic: 30 - 100 mg/L; prostaglandinsynthetase inhibitor: 50 - 150 mg/L; Toxic: adults: 400 - 500 mg/L; children 300 mg/L. Hemoperfusion (and potentially lethal) after 6 h 800 mg/L; 12 h 700 mg/L; 24 h 500 mg/L.
5. Acyclovir
Orally: trough 0.2 - 0.5 mg/L; peak 0.5 - 1 mg/L; ED50 for sensitive virus: 0.01 - 2 mg/L
6. Aluminium
Patients on hemodialysis acceptable to 0.07 mg/L. Avoid contact with glass.
7. Penicillins and cephalosporins
Therapeutic concentrations depend on micro-organism and route of administration. (Instable: freeze at once)
8. Amsacrine
Very instable. Add 1 dr. lactic acid, then stable for 48 h at -20 °C. Therapeutic: 0.1 - 0.5 mg/L on continuous infusion. Half life time depends on liver function.
9. Arsenic
Toxicity of arsenic strongly depends on compound. As(I) much more toxic than As(V). Toxic urine levels: chronic 0.2 - 1 mg/L; acute 1 mg/L.
10. Azathioprine
Normally determined as 6-mercaptopurine (50 ul of 1,4-di-thiothreitol 1 M in test tube). Mercaptopurine administration by infusion might give much higher peak levels.
11. Bromide
Normally up to 30 mg/L; Therapeutic 75 - 100 mg/L.
With pyridostigmine therapy 50 - 150 mg/L. Bromism 200 mg/L
12. Bromperidol
LLQ at lower therapeutic levels.
13. Bupivacaine
epidural anesthesia 0.25 - 0.75 mg/L, tox 1.5 mg/L
14. Caffeine
Neonates with apnea 8 - 15 mg/L.
95% of the coffee drinkers 5 mg/L, and 5% 5 - 19 mg/L.
During doping control acceptable up to 12 mg/L.
Toxic 20 - 30 mg/L, some patients at levels > 50 mg/L.
15. Carbamazepine
Improvement of the mood: 7 - 12 mg/L. Coma: 24 mg/L. Carbamazepine levels above 25 mg/L with severe clinical picture: hemoperfusion. Normally carbamazepine-epoxide/carbamazepine ratio = 0.1. After intoxication the epoxide level can increase substantially.
16. Carbon monoxide
normal: 0 - 5%; geriatric patients: 15%;
smokers: 8 - 10%; toxic: 20 - 30%; lethal: 50% HbCO.
17. Penicillins and cephalosporins
Therapeutic concentrations depend on micro-organism and route of administration. (Instable: freeze at once)
18. Clobazam
Metabolite after about one month on steady state. Only the therapeutic concentration of N-desmethylclobazam is important.
19. Clorazepate
Is only detectable after parenteral administration; changs at once into nordazepam in the acid of the stomach.
20. Clozapine
Adolescents with behavior disorders 0.125 - 0.4 mg/L Therapeutically resistent 0.5 - 0.8 mg/L. At levels above 0.5 mg/L add prophylactic valproic acid against convulsions. Alcohol potentiates the effect of clozapine.
21. Cocaine
In urine as benzoylecgonine. Detectable in urine after 2 - 3 days.
22. Co-trimoxazole
trimethoprim: therapeutic: 1.5 - 2.5 mg/L; toxic: 20 mg/L; sulfamethoxazole: therapeutic: 40 - 60 mg/L; toxic: 400 mg/L; acetylsulfamethoxazole: toxic: 100 - 200 mg/L; Pneumocystis carinii: sulfamethoxazole 100 - 200, trimethoprim 5 - 10 mg/L
23. Cyclosporine A: Edetate whole blood
I = Induction; M = Maintenance
Therapeutic trough:
Liver transplantation: I
M 200 - 250 ug/L
100 - 150 mg/L
Heart transplantation: I
M 225 - 175 ug/L
125 - 200 ug/L
Lung transplantation: I
M 375 - 425 ug/L
125 - 200 ug/L
Kidney transplantation: I
M 175 - 250 ug/L
100 - 150 ug/L
Multiple sclerosis,
rheumatism, asthma: I
M 150 - 200 ug/L
100 - 150 ug/L
Colitis ulcerosa: I 300 - 400 ug/L
Toxic trough:
during several days 350 - 400 ug/L
24.
25. Cytarabine
Add 500 ug tetrahydrouridine (THU) directly to test tube, otherwise cytarabine becomes Ara U. Ara U is the inactive metabolite.
26. Diazepam
Therapeutic status epilepticus: 0.25 - 0.5 mg/L; anxiolytic: 0.125 - 0.250 mg/L; eclampsi, tetanus: 1 - 1.5 mg/L; Metabolite nordiazepam (desmethyldiazepam) after 24 hrs of the same level of diazepam. Effect about the same as diazepam, probably less muscle relaxation.
27. Digoxin
Sample 5 - 6 hrs after intake. Level of 2 - 3 ug digoxin, with potassium level < 3.5 mmol/L could potentially be toxic.
28. Dinitro-ortho-cresol DNOC
unsafe: 40 - 60 mg/L; toxic: 60 - 80 mg/L; dangerous: 80 - 100 mg/L; hemoperfusion: 100 mg/L.
29. Dipyridamole
As vasodilator (peak 2.5 hrs after administration) 1 - 2 mg/L; antithrombolic 1.75 mg/L.
30. Disopyramide
Atrium fibrillation 2.5 - 3.5 mg/L; ventricular arrhythmia 3.5 - 7.0 mg/L; Nordisopyramide 20% active; stronger anticholinergic.
31. Fluoride
Therapeutic concentrations for osteoporosis 0.08 - 0.15 mg/L after 24 hrs no medication. After 24 hrs the serum level is in equilibrium with the bone fluorine level. If no fluorine therapy levels up to 0.04 mg/L. In acute intoxication very high levels, with no relation to the severity of the case. Avoid any contact to glass.
32. 5-Fluorouracil
0.3 - 0.6 mg/L hematological (grade O) and gastro-intestinal side effects; 0.8 mg/L hematological (grade 1); 1 mg/L neurological toxicity.
33. Fluoxetine / Fluvoxamine
We have seen high concentration without any toxic effect. High concentration might give strong enzyme inhibition which could cause intoxication by the comedication.
34. Flupentixol
Therapeutic levels round the LLQ
35. Fluphenazine
Depot injections 0.0025 - 0.005. This is under LLQ.
36. Flurazepam
sedation: 0.007 mg/L; sleep: 0.012 - 0.015 mg/L; deep sleep: 0.015 mg/L; metabolite desalkylflurazepam: therapeutic: 0.04 - 0.15 mg/L; toxic: 0.2 mg/L
37. Gentamicin
With administration once daily higher peak levels are acceptable (up to 15 mg/L), but then the trough level must be < 0.5 mg/L.
38. Haloperidol
Extrapyrimidal side effects possible at therapeutic concentrations > 0.008 mg/L. Toxic: 0.01 - 0.05 mg/L. Sometimes haloperidol levels at > 0.05 mg/L might be necessary. LLQ = 0.005 mg/L.
39. Lead
(in heparinized whole blood) adults: up to 0.3 mg/L is acceptable; child: up to 0.25 mg/L is acceptable; acute toxic: 0.45 mg/L mental and physical disfunction; chronic: 0.4 mg/L. Treatment child: 0.5 mg/L; adult: 0.7 - 1 mg/L
40. 6-Mercaptopurine
With doses azathioprine 0.04 - 0.3 mg/L; very instable, add DTT.
41. Mercury
(inorganic mercury) Normal: up to 0.01 mg/L whole blood or urine. Without symptoms: 0.02 - 0.05 mg/L whole blood or urine.
Toxicity of organic mercury depends on compound.
42. Methadone
Analgesic 0.1 - 0.3 mg/L. At methadone program for addicts 0.2 - 0.75 mg/L. Toxicity 1 mg/L; at first use toxic < 1 mg/L. Addicts could be resistant to levels much higher than 1 mg/L. In urine methadone is detectable for 2 - 4 days. Serum half life time depends on pH urine. Levomethadone ther: 0.04 - 0.3; tox: 0.5; L > 1; half lifetime 10 - 40 h.
43. Methotrexate
cytotoxic above 5 - 10 ug/L. Therapeutic: depends on kind of therapy, dose and time interval. Toxic: high dose MTX: 0.5 mg/L after 48 hrs, medium or low dose 0.2 mg/L after 48 hrs, 0.1 mg/L after 72 hrs after start 24 hrs infusion.
44. Midazolam
hypnotic at 0.08 mg/L. Postoperative awake at 0.04 mg/L. Patients with 0.11 mg/L midazolam and 0.03 mg/L hydroxymidazolam start to awaken. Metabolite hydroxymidazolam has short half life time and has about 60 - 80% of the efficacy.
45. Morphine
Detectable in urine as opiate (no distinction between morphine, heroin and codeine). Treshold 0.3 mg/L urine. Detectable 1 - 2 days, with urine at high pH for 4 days. Neonates under artificial breathing therapeutic 0.08 - 0.12 mg/L. Analgesic 0.04 mg/L. 6-Morphineglucuronide is the active metabolite. For neonates toxic 0.15 mg/L; Adults: 0.15 - 0.5 mg/L; Addicts: toxic symptomes might start at very high levels.
46. Naproxen
Nephrotic syndrome therapeutic: 250 mg/L
47. Netilmicin
With daily administration high peak levels (up to 15 - 18 mg/l) acceptable, but then trough level < 1 mg/L. Cystic Fibrosis requires high peak levels up to 12 - 15 mg/L.
48. Nicotine / cotinine
Heavy smokers: In the morning before the first cigarette nicotine 0.003 - 0.005 mg/L.
At the end of the day 0.030 - 0.035 mg/L.
In the morning before the first cigarette cotinine 0.175 - 0.275 mg/L.
At the end of the day 0.25 - 0.34 mg/L.
Light smokers: In the morning before the first cigarette nicotine 0.001 - 0.002 mg/L.
At the end of the day 0.001 - 0.005 mg/L.
In the morning before the first cigarette cotinine 0.001 - 0.01 mg/L.
At the end of the day 0.025 - 0.05 mg/L.
Nicotine transdermal 0.004 - 0.031 mg/L.
49. Nitrazepam
Can be reduced in the test tube by micro-organisms. Antiepileptic 0.05 - 0.12 mg/L; anxiolytic 0.03 - 0.05 mg/L
50. Nomifensine
Therapeutic conjugated and unconjugated: Peak: 2 - 6 mg/L; Trough: 0.2 - 0.6 mg/L.
51. Orphenadrine
Metabolite nororfenadrine is tophenacine. Sum have the same activity.
52. Paracetamol
concentration calculated at 4 hrs after intake:
not severe intoxication: 75 - 100 mg/L; rather severe intoxication: 100 - 300 mg/L; severe intoxication: 300 mg/L.
53. Paraldehyde
Sedative: 30 - 100 mg/L; Hypnotic: 100 - 300 mg/L; Anti-convulsive: 200 - 300 mg/L.
54. Parathion
Paraoxon is active metabolite which is very instable in blood; add Edetate to the sample and freeze at once. Determine pseudocholinesterase activity first. Workers, usually in contract with parathion: serum levels of 0.003 - 0.2 mg/L, without symptoms.
55. Pentobarbital
Decrease intracranial pressure (with artificial breathing) 25 - 40 mg/L. Also metabolite of thiopental
56. Perphenazine
Sometimes effective at 0.0006 - 0.0011 mg/L. At 0.012 mg/L extrapyramidal symptoms.
57. Phenazone
(Antipyrine) As liver function test: Serum half life time
< 10 hours, enzyme induction; > 10 hours, enzyme inhibition or disease.
58. Probenecid
Inhibition of penicillin excretion 40 - 60 mg/L; as uricosuric 100 - 200 mg/L.
59. Propafenone
Antiarrhythmic 0.2 - 1.1 mg/L; beta-blockade > 0.8 mg/L. Dose 3 times higher: serum concentration 6 - 10 times higher. > 1.1 mg/L increase of neurologic side effects (particularly poor metabolizers).
60. Propranolol
Antihypertensive: 0.025 - 0.05 (max. 0.1 mg/L)
beta-adrenergic: 0.3 mg/L maximum reduction of the beta-receptor.
61. Salicylic acid
Therapeutic: rheumatism adults: 200 - 300 mg/L; rheumatism children, trough level: 100 - 250 mg/L; anti-coagulant: 50 - 125 mg/L; analgesic, antipyretic: 30 - 100 mg/L; prostaglandinsynthetase inhibitor: 50 - 150 mg/L; Toxic: adults: 400 - 500 mg/L; children 300 mg/L. Hemoperfusion (and potentially lethal) after 6 h 800 mg/L; 12 h 700 mg/L; 24 h 500 mg/L.
62. Silver
Silver sulfadiazine ointment for burns: 0.06 - 0.6 mg/L.
63. Thallium
Toxic: 0.25 - 0.5 mg/24h urine, 0.1 - 0.5 mg/L whole blood;
Treatments up to 0.1 mg/24h urine. Hemoperfusion: 1 mg/L whole blood (for 48 hrs after ingestion).
64. Thiocyanate
Acceptable: non smokers: 1 - 4 mg/L; smokers: 3 - 12 mg/L; nitroprusside infusion: 6 - 30 mg/L.
Toxic: 35 - 50 mg/L; nitroprusside infusion: 60 mg/L; hemodialyses: 60 - 100 mg/L; lethal: 200 mg/L.
Indication determination: Nitroprusside dose
ug/kg/min. Number of days
SCN > 60 mg/L
normal kidney function: 10
5
< 3 1 - 2 days
3 days
C > 60 mg/L
anuria: 10
5
3
< 1.25 1 day
3 days
6 days
C < 60 mg/L
65.
66. Thiopental
During artificial respiration empty EEG: 25 - 40 mg/L
metabolite: pentobarbital therapeutic: 5 - 10 mg/L; toxic: 10 - 15 mg/L
67. Thioridazine + mesoridazine + sulforidazine together
Therapeutic: 0.75 - 1.5 mg/L; Toxic: 3 mg/L
Thioridazine-ringsulfoxide: Toxic: 0.9 mg/L
68. Tobramycin
With administration once daily higher peak levels (up to 15 mg/L) are acceptable, if trough levels < 0.5 mg/L. Cystic fibrosis requires higher peak levels (up to 15 mg/L).
69. Verapamil
> 1 mg/L: low tension; 1st grade AV block + decompensation. norverapamil 20% activity of verapamil; (add up sum referece values).
تعليق
-
شكرا لكم جميعا على الردود الرائعة
المشاركة الأصلية بواسطة person2002 مشاهدة المشاركةنسيت قسم السموم والمخدرات
تحليل المخدرات يتبع السيرولوجي
تعليق
تعليق