O GROUB DANGROUS
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A feature of the ABO system is the regular occurance of anti-A ,anti-B in
the absence of the corresponding red cell antigens.
This allows for reverse (serum) grouping as a means of confirming the red cell phenotype.The antibodies are a potential cause of dangerous haemolytic reactions if transfusions are given without regard to ABO compatibility.Anti-A, and anti-B are always naturally occurring IgM class.Although they react best at low temperature , they are haemolytic at 37C.Hyperimmune anti-A, and anti-B occur less frequently ,usually in response to transfusion or pregnancy ,but may also be formed following the injection of some toxoids, and vaccines,they are IgG class, and are produced by group O and sometimes group A2 individuals.Hyperimmune IgG anti-A, and/or anti-B from group A2 mothers may cross the placentas , and cause haemolytic disease of the new born (HDN).Group O donors should always be screened for hyperimmune anti-A and anti –B antibodies which cause haemolysis when group O whole blood is transfused to recipients with A and B phenotypes. These dangerous ‘’universal’’donors should be reserved for group O recipients only,or the blood should be used as packed red cells.
A feature of the ABO system is the regular occurance of anti-A ,anti-B in
the absence of the corresponding red cell antigens.
This allows for reverse (serum) grouping as a means of confirming the red cell phenotype.The antibodies are a potential cause of dangerous haemolytic reactions if transfusions are given without regard to ABO compatibility.Anti-A, and anti-B are always naturally occurring IgM class.Although they react best at low temperature , they are haemolytic at 37C.Hyperimmune anti-A, and anti-B occur less frequently ,usually in response to transfusion or pregnancy ,but may also be formed following the injection of some toxoids, and vaccines,they are IgG class, and are produced by group O and sometimes group A2 individuals.Hyperimmune IgG anti-A, and/or anti-B from group A2 mothers may cross the placentas , and cause haemolytic disease of the new born (HDN).Group O donors should always be screened for hyperimmune anti-A and anti –B antibodies which cause haemolysis when group O whole blood is transfused to recipients with A and B phenotypes. These dangerous ‘’universal’’donors should be reserved for group O recipients only,or the blood should be used as packed red cells.
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