الف الف الف الف الف الف الف الف الف الف الف كثييير الف مشكور الصراحه مادري وش اقول
بس ويني عن هالموضوع مادريت عنه الا اليوم
المشكله اليوم اختباري
بس انشاء الله بيمدين ادرسه قبل الاختبار
يسلمووو
لكن أتمنى لو تنزلنا إياه بدون رابط ما نزل عندي أو ترفقه على شكل ملف وورد 2003
ولك جزيل الشكر
اهلين اخوي،أختي
انآ حملته على جهآزي
والحين نسخته لكـ
تفضل..
الهيـماتولوجي
Blood cells :-
RBCs and WBCs and Plateleta .
- Red blood cells { RBC } . Erythrocytes :-
. Rang of RBC = 4.5 – 6.5 Million .
. RBC life 120 day . مهم
. Store RBC at 1-6 C for 45 day .
. Retiulocytes is immature RBC .
. Deficiency of RBC cause anemia .
. erythropoietin hormone replication of RBC .
. Retiulocytes = 0.2 – 2 % . مهم
. RBC is not nucleus . مهم
- White blood cells { WBC } . Leukocytes :-
Rang of WBC = 4000 – 11000 << جاني بالاختبار .
- Type of WBC :-
1- neutrophils :- 48 – 73 % of blood .
. This main defend of body . المدافع الرئيسي بالجسم
. high level indicate active infection . الارتفاع يعني عدوى نشطة
. nucleus 2-5 lobes .
2. lymphocytes :- 18 – 48 % of blood .
. high level indicate viral infection . الارتفاع يعني عدوى فيروسية
. large nucleus .
. WBC give immunoglobulin .
3. monocytes :- 0 – 9 % OF BLOOD is largest leukocytes.
. high level indicate bacteria infection or tissue break down or chronic infection .
4. Basophile :- 0 – 2 % of blood .
. causes hypersensitivity .
تكون الهيبارين وتحرره داخل الدم لمنع التخثر ويحرر الدهون من الدم وكذلك له علاقة بالحساسية فهو ينتج أو يمتص الهيستامين وكذلك السيروتونين .
5. Eosinophil :- 2 – 4 % of blood .
. responsible for parasitic and allergic reaction . مهم
حساسة لطفيليات والتفاعلات الحساسية
• granulocytes : Eosinophil and Basophile and neutrophils .خلايا محببة
• A granulocytes : lymphocytes and monocytes . خلايا غير محببة
• B – lymphocytes : تفرز الأجسام المضادة
• T - lymphocytes : تتعرف على الأجسام الغريبة
• Differential count use in WBC . مهم
• العد التفريقي يستخدم لعد الخلايا البيضاء
- Platelet { Thrombo } :-
. rang Plateleta = 200.000 – 400.000 جاني أدنى حد يعني 200 إلف
. Plateleta store for 5 days . جاني بعد
• Hemoglobin { Hb } :-
. rang Hb = 12 – 18 g/dl .
. Hb F :- Most found Newborn 70 % .
2 ά chains and 2 γ chains .
. Hb A :- Most found adult 96 % .
2 ά chains and 2 β chains .
. Hb A2 :- 2 %
2 ά chains and 2 δ chains .
. Hb S :- found in sickle cell anemia .
• hypochronic = decrease of Hb .
• hyperchronic = increase of Hb .
• microcytes = cell small .
• macrocytes = big cell .
• prothrombin time { PT } :-
- Extrinsic and common pathway .
- Normal time = 10 – 15 sec .
- Prolonged pt occur in causes deficiency factors V Proaccelerin . سبب تأخر التخثر
- The test for measure clotting time added calcium .
- Use test for control or anticoagulant treatment . يستخدم لمراقبة ومتابعة علاج التخثر
أهم الـ - factors :-
II Prothrombin .
VII Proconvertin .
- Heparin علاج يأثر على الأختبار هو
- Detects Extrinsic factors abnormalities .
• Partial thromboplastin time { PTT } :-
- Intrinsic pathway .
- Detects Intrinsic factors abnormalities .
- Normal time = 30 – 45 sec .
- prolonged hemophilia is ptt . يسبب التأخر التخثر
- The test for measure clotting time added calcium and phospholipids .
علاج يأثر بالأختبار - worfarin .
أهم - factors :-
XIII Fibrin Stabilizing Factor .
IX Antihemophilic B .
• Bleeding time :-
- normal time = 1 – 4 min .
- depend on blood platelet and capillary .يعتمد
• thrombin time { TT } :-
- conversion prothrombin to fibrogen by add thrombin .
- Normal time = 10 – 20 sec .
• coagulation time { CT } :-
- Normal time = 3 – 9 min .
• Normal rang :-
PT = 10 – 15 sec .
PTT = 30 – 45 sec .
Bleeding time = 1 – 4 min .
CT = 3 – 9 min .
TT = 10 – 20 sec .
Hb = 10 – 18 d/l .
• Anemia :-
- anemia due to decrease Hb .
- anemia cause microcytic . جاني بالاختبار
- microcytes = cell small .
• Iron deficiency anemia :-
- hypochromic anemia .
- pica craning to eat unusual substance such as clay and ice this symptoms .
- decreased or absent hemosiderin in bone marrow .
- cause plumer – vison syndrome .
• thalassemia :-
- the defect of thalassemia occur in globins chain .
- due to increase of Hb F .
• Vit 12 deficiency anemia :-
- lead to megaloblastic anemia .
- cause Neurological symptoms .
- cause target cell .
- cause pernicious . { schilliming test } .
• Aplastic anemia :-
- cause by chloramphenicol .
- one type is Fan conis anemia .
• other type of anemia :-
- Sickle cell disease have Hb S .
- Sickle cell atrophy of the spleen . not cause enlargement spleen .
- G6PD deficiency Hemolytic anemia
{ Favism } .
- G6PD deficiency a prolonged low rate bleeding time .
- G6PD deficiency cause see Heinz bodies .
- G6PD deficiency { normochromic anemia } .
- Hemolytic anemia cause of hypersplenism .
• Blood Bank :-
- blood medium commonly use in blood band is = citrate phosphate dextrose adenine { CPD-A } . This anticoagulant store blood 35 days .
* Direct anti-body test used to detect :-
Sensitized RBCs in patient blood .
* Indirect anti-body test used to detect :-
Sensitized antibody in patient serum .
• Blood Group :-
- reason false +ve ABO in compatibility = cold agglutination .
* Rh { D antigen } :-
- Rh –ve = not have D antigen .
- child Rh +ve and mother Rh –ve the antibody produce are anti-D immune .
- in compatibility or differentiation in Rh that causing hemolytic if Fetus Rh +ve and mother Rh –ve .
* Group O :-
- In O blood group the Ab in serum is anti A and B .
- O +ve = No antigens .
- the general blood donor is O group .
* Group A :-
- In A Group person = presence of B antibody .
* Group B :-
- In B Group person = presence of A antibody .
* Group AB :-
- In AB group non A or B antibody .
• coombs test { anti human globin test } :-
- use for tow cause :
1. blood transfusion
2. pregnancy .
- is tow type :-
1. DCT = use red cells have Ag .
2. IDCT = use serum have Ab IgG .
• cross matching :-
- use for compare whit blood patient and blood donor .
- is tow type :-
1. major cross match : use patient serum and donor cell .
2. minor cross match : use donor serum and patient cell .
• blood cell store :-
RBCs = at 1 – 6 c for 45 days .
Plasma = at -20 c – 80 c for 1 years .
Platelet = 5 days .
- chronic myeloid leukemia : Found in adult .
- chronic lymphoid leukemia : diagnostic by Philadelphia chromosome .
- Acute myeloid leukemia : found over age 25 years { adult } .
- Acute lymphoid leukemia : found in children .
مجموعة من أسئلة الهيئة 2010 للهيماتولوجي وبنك الدم ،،
1. cell not have nucleus ?
RBC.
2. Leukocytes normal rang ?
4000 – 11000
3. platelet store for ?
5 days
4. platelet rang كان معنى السؤال على ما اعتقد أدنى حد لمعدل الصفائح ؟
انا جاوبت 200 ألف
5. anemia cause شي زى كذا ?
أنا جاوبت microcytic .
6. sickle cell have معناه كذا ?
جاوب HB S .
7. أذا كان RH –ve يعني ?
جاوبت not have D-Antigen .
8. . leukocytes responsible for parasitic and allergic reaction ?
Eosinophile .
9. 19. granulocytes cause leukemia ? هذا مو السؤال بس معناه ؟
جاوبت CML .
10. hemolytic in normocytic normochromic anemia the test used is
بس مدري وش اجابتة خخخ
11. RBC Life ?
120 days .
12. normal reticulocytes in adult is ?
0.2 – 2 % .
13. deficiency in folic acid and vit 12 cause ?
Anemia .
14. Immunoglobulin produce by ?
Plasma cell.
15. red bone marrow يكون ؟
Stem cell .
16. in infant has Rh +ve and mother Rh –ve must give ?
Anti-D immunoglubin .
17. which the following true ?
Rh –ve person safety don’t for Rh +ve person .
18 -transmitter through blood transfusion ?
AIDS
Malaria
Cytomegalovirus
All above
19- which of the following express of b-cell
b- plasma cell
21- which if the following normalll not found in blood film?
هذه اللي انا اخترتها بحكم انها اقل نسبة من 0-1a- basophile
b- monocyte
c- lymphocyte
d- neutrophils
e- eosinophil
22- PLT rate?
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