glucose : normal kidney produce small quantity of glucose but if we see high concentration of glucose in urine make serum glucose test to sure may
be diabetes mellitus *
Blood : there are no blood cells in normal urine but if present this indicates hemolysis , malignancy .....etc
Nitrite : there are many foods contain nitrate if there is bacterial infection so will convert nitrate to _______>nitrite and appear in the urine
PH : the normal PH in the urine = is 6_8 , high PH indicates metabolic disorders, increase hydrogen ions
Urobilinogen : normal urine contain little amount of urobilinogen , high urobilinogen in urine indicates liver cirrhosis , hepatic infection , increase breakdown of RBC
Bilirubin : normal urine no contain Bilirubin, presence of Bilirubin in urine indicates liver failure , bile obstruction , hepatic jaundice ....etc
protein : normal urine contain little amount of protein like albumin , the urine contain less than 24mg/day of albumin , increase concentration of albumin above 250mg indicates glomerular damage
Leukocyte : presence of leukocytes in urine indicates urinary tract infection , acute inflammation

أتمنى الموضوع ينال على اعجابكم انا جبته لكم بطريقة مختصرة ولكن هناك انواع كثيرة من الامراض لم أذكرها يمكن تشخيصها من خلال عمل تحليل البول دعواتكم لي انا رايح اكمل ماجستير و دكتوراه في الكيمياء الحيوية ......