السلام عيكم
ارجو منك تحديد ماهي الشركه المستخدمه
لان هناك عده طرق وعده شركات
وكل شركه تختلف في عملها عن الشركه الاخري

لا يهم أي طريقة اختبار مو مهم اي شركة المهم إني أعرف طريقة التحليل بالقياسات الصحيحة لأنه في المقابلة يسألون كيف تحلل البيليروبن ...أو كيف يتم تحليل tibc أي قدرة الحديد على خمل البروتين ....ااختبارات اللي الله بيقدرك تكتبلي ياها اكتبها ولك جزيل الشكر ...وشكرا لمرورك الكريم

السلام عليكم
اولا طريقه عمل فحص bilirubin
الشركه randox
المحاليل ( يوجد اربعه محاليل R1 / R3 / R3 / R4 )
طريقه العمل
1- نقوم باحضار انبوبتين نضيفتين وجافتينى
2 - نقوم باضافة 200 ميكرون من R1 الي الانبوبتين
2 - نقوم باضافة قطرة من R2 الي الانبوبة الاولي فقط الذي تكون انبوبة الاختبار او ( TEST )
3 - قوم باضافة 1000 ميكرون من R3 الي الانبوبتين
4 - نقوم بالانتضار لمده 10 دقائق في درجه حرارة 25 درجة ماوية
5 - قوم باضافة 1000 ميكرون من R4 الي الانبوبتين
6 - نقوم بالانتضار لمده 5 دقائق في درجه حرارة 25 درجة مؤية
ثانيا : - طريقه قرائة الفحص في الجهاز
1 - الطول الموجي 578
2 - نصفر بالانبوبة الاولي
3 - نقراء بالانبوبة الثانية نتيجه الفحص
ثالثا :- الحسابات
mg /dl = test * 10.8

هذه طريقه الفحص
معلومات اخر سوف تجدها هنا بالتفصيل

تحليل البيليروبين bilirubin !!!!!
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

البيليروبين ... Serum Bilirubin
التحليل بيطلب في حالات المرضيه اللي يظهر عليهم حالات الصفراء الفسيولوجيه ..
س_ ماهي اعراض الصفراء ؟؟
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
ج_
1- ارتفاع في درجة الحراره
2- تغير لون العين للاصفر .
3_ الم في البطن .
4_ تغير لون البول .
وفي هذه الحالات ينصح بتناول كميه كبيره من السكريات ...

س_ ماهو البيليروبين ؟؟
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
** البيليروبين : هو صبغه تنتج عن طريق تكسير ماده "الهيم" الموجوده بكرات الدم الحمراء.
** الماده الناتجه عن ذلك تسمى "البيليروبين الغير مباشر" و هو لا يذوب فى البلازما و انما يسير فيها محمولا عن طريق البروتين "البيومين" الكبد ياخذ البيليروبين و يقوم بتحويله الى "البيليروبين المباشر" الذى يفرز عن طريق القنوات المراريه الى الأمعاء و ينزل مع البراز و يعطيه لونه ، جزء يسير جدا يمتص و ينزل مع البول.

س_ ما اسباب زيادة البيليروبين بالدم ؟؟
ا - تكسير الدم بكثره
ب - انحلال الدم مثل
1 - انيميا البحر المتوسط ،
2 - الانيميا المنجليه
3 - انيميا الفول
4 - ترتفع نسبه البيليروبين الغير مباشر بدرجه كبيره.

ج - امراض الكبد مثل
1 - تليف الكبد
2 - الالتهاب الكبدى ، ترتفع نسبه البيليروبين المباشر بدرجه كبيره.
د - انسداد القنوات المراريه ، ترتفع نسبه البيليروبين المباشر بدرجه كبيره.


س_ ماهي الصفراء الفسيولوجيه ؟؟ وهل هي خطيره علي الطفل حديث الولاده ؟؟
** الصفراء الفيسيولوجيه فى الاطفال حديثى الولاده تحدث نتيجه كثره تكسير كرات الدم ( بصوره فيسيولوجيه و ليست مرضيه ) ، و كذلك عدم قدره الكبد -المؤقته- عن تحويل البيليروبين الغير مباشر الى بيليروبين مباشر يخرج مع البراز هذه الصفراء فيسيولوجيه و ليست مرضيه ، و تبدأ عاده من اليوم الثالث و تزيد لمده ثلاثه ايام ثم تبدأ فى النزول لا بد من عرض الطفل على الطبيب فور الشك فى وجود صفراء فى الطفل حديث الولاده ، لأن هناك اسباب اخرى غير الصفراء الفيسيولوجيه ، وكذلك الصفراء الفيسيولوجيه قد تحتاج للعلاج ان زادت عن نسبه معينه ( حسب عمر الطفل ووزنه ).
** الصفراء فى الطفل حديث الولاده ، ان لم تعالج بصوره عاجله ، قد يترسب البيليروبين الغير مباشر فى خلايا المخ محدثا خلل دائم فى المخ و قد تؤدى الى الوفاه.
س_ ماهي القيم الطبيعيه للبيليروبين ؟؟
_______________________________
_ النسبه الطبيعيه لشخص بالغ 0.1 - 1.3 mg/dl
_ النسبه الطبيعيه للأطفال 0.1 - 1.3 mg/dl
_ النسبه الطبيعيه لحديثى الولاده تختلف كثيرا حسب عمر الطفل ووزنه

اذا كنت تود شرح بالغة الانجليزي
The Test

How is it used?
When is it ordered?
What does the test result mean?
Is there anything else I should know?
How is it used?
In adults and older children, bilirubin is measured to diagnose and/or monitor liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or gallstones. It is also used to evaluate people with sickle cell disease or other causes of hemolytic anemia who may have episodes when excessive red blood cell destruction takes place, increasing bilirubin levels. Bilirubin can be measured as a total level and/or as conjugated and unconjugated levels for these purposes. More commonly, the laboratory uses a chemical test to detect water-soluble forms of bilirubin, termed direct bilirubin, which is an estimate of the amount of conjugated bilirubin. By subtracting this from the total bilirubin, an indirect estimate (indirect bilirubin) of unconjugated bilirubin is obtained.

In newborns with jaundice, bilirubin is measured to investigate the cause. Excessive unconjugated bilirubin damages developing brain cells in infants and may cause mental retardation, learning and developmental disabilities, hearing loss, or eye movement problems. It is important that an elevated level of bilirubin in a newborn be identified and quickly treated. In both physiologic jaundice of the newborn and hemolytic disease of the newborn, only unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin is increased. In the much less common cases of damage to the liver (neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia), conjugated (direct) bilirubin elevations are present as well, often providing the first evidence that one of these less common conditions is present.

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When is it ordered?
A doctor usually orders a bilirubin test in conjunction with other laboratory tests (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) when someone shows signs of abnormal liver function. A bilirubin level may be ordered when a person:

Shows evidence of jaundice
Has a history of drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
Has suspected drug toxicity
Has been exposed to hepatitis viruses
Other symptoms that may be present include:

Dark, amber-colored urine
Nausea/vomiting
Abdominal pain and/or swelling
Fatigue and general malaise that often accompany chronic liver disease
Determining a bilirubin level in newborns with jaundice is considered standard medical care.

The test may also be ordered when someone is suspected of having (or known to have) hemolytic anemia as a cause of anemia. In this case, it is often ordered along with other tests used to evaluate hemolysis, such as complete blood count, reticulocyte count, haptoglobin, and LDH.

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What does the test result mean?


Adults and children

Increased total bilirubin that is mainly unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin may be a result of:

Hemolytic or pernicious anemia
Transfusion reaction
Cirrhosis
A common metabolic condition termed Gilbert syndrome, due to low levels of the enzyme that attaches sugar molecules to bilirubin
If conjugated (direct) bilirubin is elevated more than unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin, there typically is a problem associated with decreased elimination of bilirubin by the liver cells. Some conditions that may cause this include:

Viral hepatitis
Drug reactions
Alcoholic liver disease
Conjugated (direct) bilirubin is also elevated more than unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin when there is some kind of blockage of the bile ducts. This may occur, for example, with:

Gallstones getting into the bile ducts
Tumors
Scarring of the bile ducts
Rare inherited disorders that cause abnormal bilirubin metabolism (Rotor, Dubin-Johnson, Crigler-Najjar syndromes) may also cause increased levels of bilirubin.

Low levels of bilirubin are not generally a concern and are not monitored.

Newborns

An elevated bilirubin level in a newborn may be temporary and resolve itself within a few days to two weeks. However, if the bilirubin level is above a critical threshold or rapidly increases, an investigation of the cause is needed so appropriate treatment can be initiated. An elevated bilirubin level may result from the accelerated breakdown of red blood cells due to a blood type incompatibility between the mother and her newborn. Other causes include certain congenital infections, hypoxia, a number of different genetic disorders, and diseases that can affect the liver. In most of these conditions, only unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin is increased. An elevated conjugated (direct) bilirubin is seen in the rare conditions of biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. Biliary atresia requires surgical intervention to prevent liver damage.

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Is there anything else I should know?
Although unconjugated bilirubin may be toxic to brain development in newborns (up to the age of about 2–4 weeks), high bilirubin in older children and adults does not pose the same threat. In older children and adults, the "blood-brain barrier" is more developed and prevents bilirubin from crossing this barrier to the brain cells. Elevated bilirubin levels in children or adults, however, strongly suggest a medical condition that must be evaluated and treated.

Bilirubin is not normally present in the urine. However, conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble and therefore may be eliminated from the body in the urine when levels increase in the body. Its presence in the urine usually indicates blockage of liver or bile ducts, hepatitis or some other liver damage. The most common method for detecting urine bilirubin is the dipstick test that is part of a urinalysis.

Bilirubin levels tend to be slightly higher in males than females, while African Americans show lower values.

Strenuous exercise may also increase bilirubin levels.

The drug atazanavir increases levels of unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin. Drugs that can decrease levels of total bilirubin include barbiturates, caffeine, penicillin, and high doses of salicylates.

TIBC TEST
The Test

• How is it used?
• When is it ordered?
• What does the test result mean?
• Is there anything else I should know?

او هذا
Total iron-binding capacity
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Total iron-binding capacity
Diagnostics

transferrin
LOINC 14800-7, 35215-3, 2501-5
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is a medical laboratory test that measures the blood's capacity to bind iron with transferrin.[1] It is performed by drawing blood and measuring the maximum amount of iron that it can carry, which indirectly measures transferrin[2] since transferrin is the most dynamic carrier. TIBC is less expensive than a direct measurement of transferrin.[3][4]
The TIBC should not be confused with the UIBC, or "unsaturated iron binding capacity" (22753-8 and 35216-1). The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC. [5]
[edit]Interpretation

Taken together with serum iron and percent transferrin saturation clinicians usually perform this test when they are concerned about anemia, iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia. However, because the liver produces transferrin, alterations in function (such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or liver failure) must be considered when performing this test. It can also be an indirect test of liver function, but is rarely used for this purpose.
The percent transferrin saturation (i.e., the result of the formula of serum iron/TIBC x 100) can also be a useful indicator.
Condition Serum iron Transferrin and TIBC Percent transferrin saturation
iron deficiency anemia Low High. The liver produces more transferrin, presumably attempting to maximize use of the little iron that is available. Low, as there is insufficient iron.
anemia of chronic disease Low, as the body holds iron intracellularly with ferritin. Low. The body produces less transferrin (but more ferritin), presumably to keep iron away from pathogens that require it for their metabolism. This is mainly regulated by increased hepcidin production. Normal
pregnancy or use of hormonal contraception, but without iron deficiency Normal High. The liver increases the production of transferrin, thus raising TIBC. Low, as there is excess transferrin with normal serum iron levels.
These examples demonstrate that to properly understand a value for TIBC, one also must know the serum iron, the percent transferrin saturation, and the individual clinical situation

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