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Hypoglyoemia
It occurs mainly in low birth weight babies, infants of diabetic or toxaemic mothers
Convulsions usually occur during the first few days and acompanied with cyanosis, the baby looks sick
Diagnosis is confirmed by presence of low blood sugar level (below 30 mg%)
Hypocalcemia
It occurs mainly in premature baby , infants of diabetic mothers
It may appear late in neonatal period in some infants receiving cow's milk due to high phosphate level , The baby looks generally well inspite of convulsions
Diagnosis is confirmed by low Ca level (below 6 mg%)
Hypomagnesemia
It occurs in infants of diabetic mothers , low birth weight
It should be suspected in every case of convulsions with normal glucose and calcium , Cases of tetany not responding to intravenous calcium
Diagnosis is confirmed by low Mg level (below 1.5 mg%)
Dilutional hyponatremia
It occur in infants born to mothers who received a large amount of intravenous hypotonic solution shortly before birth
In addition to convulsions the baby looks edematous
Diagnosis is confirmed by low Na level (below 120 m Eq/l).
What are the causes of convulsions in neonates
Convulsions (repeated involuntary muscular contractions are one of the major problems in neonatal period
Two major causes of neonatal convulsions are brain damaged convulsions and metabolic convulsions
Clinical differentiation between brain damaged and metabolic convulsions depends on 4 clinical criteria
the general conditions
type of convulsion
the presence of other neurological findings and
the presence of respiratory depression
Two major causes of neonatal convulsions are brain damaged convulsions and metabolic convulsions
Clinical differentiation between brain damaged and metabolic convulsions depends on 4 clinical criteria
the general conditions
type of convulsion
the presence of other neurological findings and
the presence of respiratory depression
Causes of brain damaged convulsions
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
It occurs in infants exposed to perinatal anoxia which results in brain oedema
intracranial hemorrhage It occurs principally in 3 groups of patients those with severe prematurity, severe birth trauma to the head and severe perinatal anoxia. In addition to the clinical findings in hypoxic ischaernic encephalopathy, the following signs should sugegest the diagnosis
Persistence of convulsions and other neurological signs for more than few days
Progressive fall in haemoglobin level
CT scan of the head is important for diagnosis and localization
Neonatal meningitis
It occurs at any time during the neonatal period but usually not during the first few days
Kernieterus
It occurs with cases of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia when serum bilirubin
exceeds the critical level
It occurs in infants exposed to perinatal anoxia which results in brain oedema
intracranial hemorrhage It occurs principally in 3 groups of patients those with severe prematurity, severe birth trauma to the head and severe perinatal anoxia. In addition to the clinical findings in hypoxic ischaernic encephalopathy, the following signs should sugegest the diagnosis
Persistence of convulsions and other neurological signs for more than few days
Progressive fall in haemoglobin level
CT scan of the head is important for diagnosis and localization
Neonatal meningitis
It occurs at any time during the neonatal period but usually not during the first few days
Kernieterus
It occurs with cases of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia when serum bilirubin
exceeds the critical level
Causes of metabolic convulsions
Hypoglyoemia
It occurs mainly in low birth weight babies, infants of diabetic or toxaemic mothers
Convulsions usually occur during the first few days and acompanied with cyanosis, the baby looks sick
Diagnosis is confirmed by presence of low blood sugar level (below 30 mg%)
Hypocalcemia
It occurs mainly in premature baby , infants of diabetic mothers
It may appear late in neonatal period in some infants receiving cow's milk due to high phosphate level , The baby looks generally well inspite of convulsions
Diagnosis is confirmed by low Ca level (below 6 mg%)
Hypomagnesemia
It occurs in infants of diabetic mothers , low birth weight
It should be suspected in every case of convulsions with normal glucose and calcium , Cases of tetany not responding to intravenous calcium
Diagnosis is confirmed by low Mg level (below 1.5 mg%)
Dilutional hyponatremia
It occur in infants born to mothers who received a large amount of intravenous hypotonic solution shortly before birth
In addition to convulsions the baby looks edematous
Diagnosis is confirmed by low Na level (below 120 m Eq/l).
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