Hospital acquired infection means infection develops 48-27 hours after hospitalization and was not present or incubated at time of admission. However, a new term is used now ; the health care associated infection HCAI which is infection transmitted to patients (and health care workers) as a result of health care procedures
Types of HCAI
Central line associated blood stream infections
Ventilation associated pneumonia
Catheter associated urinary tract infection
Surgical site infections
The most common organisms:
MRSA
Clostridium difficile
E. coli
Pseudomonas
Vancomycin resistant enterococci
Gram negative bacilli with extened spectrum beta lactamases
Risk factors for HCAI:
- Immunocompromised patients and/ or those on chemotherapy
- Usage of medical devices (80% of blood infection occure with IV catheter, 60% of UTI occure with urinary catheters)
- Hospital environment & behavioral factors (dirty instruments, hygeinic environment
- Organization factors: Spread of HCAI is increased with:
1- Bed occupancy rates
2- Increasing movement of patient within & between hospitals
3- Shortage in nurse stuff
Infection control programm
Each hospital must has its committee of infection control which give s rise to infection control team ( microbiologist, physicians, trained nurses, Infection control specialist if possible
The goals of this programm are to improve quality of patient care & reduce its cost
It requires strict survillence and reporting system (for patient infections, health workers infection & communicable diseases) and control & prevention system ( teaching & consulting)
Types of HCAI
Central line associated blood stream infections
Ventilation associated pneumonia
Catheter associated urinary tract infection
Surgical site infections
The most common organisms:
MRSA
Clostridium difficile
E. coli
Pseudomonas
Vancomycin resistant enterococci
Gram negative bacilli with extened spectrum beta lactamases
Risk factors for HCAI:
- Immunocompromised patients and/ or those on chemotherapy
- Usage of medical devices (80% of blood infection occure with IV catheter, 60% of UTI occure with urinary catheters)
- Hospital environment & behavioral factors (dirty instruments, hygeinic environment
- Organization factors: Spread of HCAI is increased with:
1- Bed occupancy rates
2- Increasing movement of patient within & between hospitals
3- Shortage in nurse stuff
Infection control programm
Each hospital must has its committee of infection control which give s rise to infection control team ( microbiologist, physicians, trained nurses, Infection control specialist if possible
The goals of this programm are to improve quality of patient care & reduce its cost
It requires strict survillence and reporting system (for patient infections, health workers infection & communicable diseases) and control & prevention system ( teaching & consulting)
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