Symptoms of Staph Infections
The symptoms of a staph skin infection depends on where the infection is. The staph bacteria can cause:
boils - an abscess within the skin. Also called a furuncle.
cellulitis - a localized skin infection which can make the skin red, painful, and warm
folliculitis - an infection of hair follicles
impetigo - causes blisters (bullous impetigo) or honey colored crusted lesions on the skin
paronychia - an infection of the skin folds of the nails
In addition to skin infections, the staph bacteria can cause:
bacteremia - a blood infection
deep abscesses - a collection of pus somewhere inside the body
endocarditis - an infection on the valves of the heart
food poisoning
lymphadenitis - an infection of a lymph gland, which causes it to be red, swollen, and painful
lymphangitis - an infection of the lymph channels that drain to lymph glands, causing red streaks in the skin
osteomyelitis - a bone infection
scalded skin syndrome
septic arthritis - an infection of a joint, like the hip or knee
styes - an infection of the glands on the eyelid
toxic shock syndrome
The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can also less commonly cause other infections, including pneumonia, ear infections, and sinusitis.
MRSA
MRSA is an acronym for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics, including methicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins. It is routinely pronounced M.R.S.A. - not MUR-SA.
Although once limited to hospitals, nursing homes, and other healthcare facilities, MRSA infections are now very common among healthy children and adults in the community. Your pediatrician will likely suspect that an infection, such as a leg abscess, is caused by MRSA if it isn't improving with routine antibiotics. In that case, the abscess may need to be drained or the would need to be changed to a stronger or different antibiotic to treat the infection.
Diagnosis of Staph Infections
The diagnosis of most skin infections is made by the pattern of symptoms and physical exam findings. However, it is not usually possible to know whether the infection is caused by the staph bacteria or another bacteria, like group A Beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). And in many cases, it doesn't matter, as the antibiotic your child is prescribed will likely treat both bacteria.
To make a definitive diagnosis and to confirm that staph is the bacteria causing the infection, a culture can be done. Once a bacteria is identified on a culture, the pattern on sensitivities to antibiotics can help to tell whether or not it is actually MRSA, routine staph aureus, or another bacteria.
Treatments for Staph Infections
Antistaphylococcal antibiotics are the usual treatments for staph infections. This may include a topical antibiotic cream (Bactroban, Altabax, etc.) for simple impetigo, warm compresses and drainage for abscesses, an oral antibiotic, or an intravenous antibiotic for more serious or persistent infections.
Commonly used oral antistaphylococcal antibiotics include the first-generation cephalosporins like Keflex (cephalexin) and Duricef (cefadroxil).
As resistance to antibiotics is now common among staph bacteria, including MRSA, or methicillin resistent staph aureus, the first antibiotic your child is prescribed may not work. Many of these community acquired MRSA infections can still be treated with oral antibiotics though, such as clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX or Bactrim). More serious and multi-drug resistent MRSA can usually be treated in the hospital with the antibiotic vancomycin and/or surgical drainage.
Unfortunately, some staph infections, especially invasive MRSA infections, can be deadly.
What You Need To Know
The S. aureus bacteria commonly lives on or colonizes the skin of children and adults. It is especially common to find it in the nose, which can make it easily spread as children pick their nose.
To get rid of staph colonization, it can sometimes help to treat all family members with mupirocin (Bactroban) nasal gel twice a day for 5-7 days, have everyone take weekly Hibiclens (an Antiseptic, Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser) baths, keep all wounds covered, and encourage very frequent handwashing.
Although it can be uncomfortable for your child, having your pediatrician drain an abscess can be the best way to get rid of the infection.
Zyvox (linezolid) is a newer antibiotic that can be used to treat complicated skin and soft tissue infections, including those caused by MRSA, in children. It is rather expensive though and would likely only be prescribed when other antibiotics either weren't working or the staph bacteria was known to be resistent to other more commonly used antibiotics, such as Bactrim and clindamycin.
Keep bites, scrapes, and rashes clean and covered to prevent them from getting infected by the staph bacteria.
Encourage kids to avoid sharing towels, razors, sports equipment, and other personal items at school and in the locker room, where spreading staph infections seems to be common.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Haemophilus ducreyi Neisseria meningitidis (Serratia marcescens is a facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacillus that may rarely cause skin infections
Bacillus anthracis وTreponema species وBartonella species وClostridium perfringens
مثلا خلال بحثي عرفت انووو الPseudomonas والStrep pyogenes كمان من الاشياء الـcommon اللي تسبب الskin infection
يعني انه ابي هالاانواع والاشياء اللي تندرج تحتها وكماااان اذا في اشياء زياده
حتى لو بس اسامي البكتيريا بدون معلومات
وعموما يسلمو اختي المتميزه تعبناك معانــا
وننتظر المساعده من باقي الاعضاء اذا امكــــن
:sm188:
لا شكر على واجب
هنا إسم المرض الجلدي و نوع البكتريا المسببة له
Impetigo
Definition and Prevalence Impetigo is a superficial skin infection usually caused by S. aureus and occasionally by S. pyogenes. Impetigo affects approximately 1% of children. Pathophysiology S. aureus produces a number of cellular and extracellular products, including exotoxins and coagulase, that contribute to the pathogenicity of impetigo, especially when coupled with preexisting tissue injury. Folliculitis, Furunculosis, and Carbunculosis
Definition and Prevalence Folliculitis is a superficial infection of the hair follicles characterized by erythematous, follicular-based papules and pustules. Furuncles are deeper infections of the hair follicle characterized by inflammatory nodules with pustular drainage, which can coalesce to form larger draining nodules. The prevalence of folliculitis is unknown. Pathophysiology S. aureus is the usual pathogen, although exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hot tubs or swimming pools can lead to folliculitis.
Ecthyma Definition and Prevalence Ecthyma is a deep infection of the skin that resembles impetigo. Ecthyma is somewhat common in patients with poor hygiene or malnutrition, or both.Pathophysiology S. aureus or S. pyogenes is the usual pathogen of ecthyma.
Erysipelas and Cellulitis
Definition and Prevalence Erysipelas is a superficial streptococcal infection of the skin. Cellulitis is a deeper process that extends to the subcutis. Erysipelas has a predilection for young children and the elderly. Pathophysiology S. aureus and S. pyogenes are the most common pathogens responsible for erysipelas and cellulitis. S. pyogenes produces enzymes that promote infection with systemic manifestations, such as fever and chills, tachycardia, and hypotension. Predisposing factors for erysipelas include venous stasis or insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, trauma, and alcoholism. Necrotizing Fasciitis
Definition and Prevalence Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare infection
of the subcutaneous tissues and fascia that eventually leads to necrosis. Pathophysiology S. pyogenes can be the sole pathogen responsible for necrotizing fasciitis, but most patients have a mixed infection with other aerobes (groups B and C streptococci) and anaerobes (Clostridium spp). Common predisposing factors are injuries to soft tissues, such as abdominal surgery, abrasions, surgical incisions, diabetes, and intravenous drug abuse.
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